Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Protease inhibitors (PI) have relatively low penetration into the genital tract, raising concerns about the potential for genital HIV RNA shedding in patients taking PI-based regimens, particularly PI monotherapy (PI-mono). METHODS:We measured HIV RNA and PI drug concentrations in samples of semen, cervico-vaginal and rectal mucosa secretions, and plasma in patients after 48-96 weeks on PI-mono or standard triple therapy. RESULTS:A total of 85 participants were recruited. Of the 43 participants on PI-mono (70% on darunavir [DRV]/ritonavir [r]), 3 had detectable virus in semen or vaginal secretions (all below quantification limit), and none in rectal mucosa or plasma. Among those taking triple therapy, five had detectable virus in semen or vaginal secretions (HIV RNA >50 copies/ml in one), none in rectal mucosa and one in plasma. The median (IQR) concentration of DRV and atazanavir in semen (659.7 [339-1,089] and 128.8 [63-368] ng/ml, respectively) and cervico-vaginal samples (2,768 [312-7,879] and 1,836 [359-3,314] ng/ml, respectively) exceeded their protein adjusted median inhibition concentration (MIC50). DRV concentration in rectal secretions showed higher variability compared with concentration in the other sites, with particularly high rectal secretion/blood ratios (median 8.4, IQR 2.6-68.7:1). CONCLUSIONS:We found no substantive evidence of HIV shedding in patients taking PI-mono, suggesting that PIs provide adequate control of virus in the genital compartment and are unlikely to lead to ongoing sexual transmission.
journal_name
Antivir Therjournal_title
Antiviral therapyauthors
Arenas-Pinto A,Stöhr W,Khoo S,Clarke A,Beeching N,Warwick Z,Lee V,Else L,Wiggins R,Ferns B,Nastouli E,Dunn D,Lacey CJ,Paton NI,Protease Inhibitor monotherapy Versus Ongoing Triple therapy (PIVOT) Genital Secretion sub-study Tdoi
10.3851/IMP3340subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-01-01 00:00:00pages
55-59issue
1eissn
1359-6535issn
2040-2058journal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Neurological manifestations of HCV infection appear to be under-recognized in clinical practice despite the majority of HCV-infected patients experiencing symptoms such as fatigue, depression and cognitive dysfunction. There is also growing evidence for a link between HCV infection and an increased risk of Parkinson's...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3851/IMP3245
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The H275Y neuraminidase mutation conferring oseltamivir resistance has been reported in several pandemic A/H1N1 (pH1N1) isolates. We sought to evaluate transmission of this mutant virus through the direct contact and the airborne (aerosol and droplet) routes in the ferret model. METHODS:Groups of four ferre...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP1794
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::HCV-related liver disease is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in the HIV-infected population. Successful treatment of HIV-HCV-coinfected patients is followed by favourable clinical outcomes. While the combination of pegylated interferon and ribavirin remains the mainstay in the treatment of non-1 HC...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3851/IMP2601
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current prevalence of cognitive impairment in HIV-infected individuals is surprisingly high, even in those with undetectable plasma HIV RNA. The aetiology is unknown but one possibility is inadequate control of persistent central nervous system (CNS) HIV infection. The CNS Penetration Effectiveness (CPE) rank has ...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP2951
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HIV RNA is commonly used as a marker of compartmental antiviral activity in HIV-positive patients. Undetectable CSF HIV RNA levels have been associated with low CSF neopterin levels and better neurocognitive performances. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence and predi...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP3140
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Current stopping rules during pegylated interferon (peg-IFN)/ribavirin (RBV) treatment rely on week 12 HCV RNA response, but earlier identification of non-responders offers clinical and economic advantages. AIMS AND METHODS:To evaluate, among 129 HCV-genotype-1-infected, treatment-naive patients receiving p...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study decay rates of productively and latently infected cells in peripheral blood and lymph nodes during triple antiretroviral therapy and the possible impact of interleukin-2 (IL-2) on viral kinetics. METHODS:In this non-randomized study, nine antiretroviral-naive HIV-positive patients received either sa...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study aimed to evaluate whether low darunavir (DRV) minimum plasma concentration (Cmin) values contribute to virological outcomes during DRV/ritonavir monotherapy (mtDRV/rtv). METHODS:This was a prospective observational single-arm 96-week efficacy study in virologically suppressed subjects on triple t...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP2722
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the tolerability, virological, immunological and clinical effects of nevirapine in the setting of a compassionate use programme in pretreated HIV-infected individuals. DESIGN:Retrospective observational cohort-study in 13 HIV-outpatient clinics in The Netherlands. METHODS: MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:p...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A genome-wide association study revealed an association between variants of the inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) gene and ribavirin (RBV)-induced anaemia. The aim of this study was to replicate this finding in an independent Japanese cohort and to define a method to allow pretreatment prediction of anaemia in c...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP1796
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of first-line treatment with once-daily saquinavir/ritonavir plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). METHODS:A total of 272 antiretroviral-naive patients with a CD4+ T-cell count of 200-350 cells/mm3 were treated wit...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Regulatory T-cells (Treg) hamper immune responses elicited by cancer vaccines. Therefore, depletion of Treg is being used to improve the outcome of vaccinations. METHODS:We studied whether an alphavirus vector-based immunotherapeutic vaccine changes the number and/or activity of Treg and if Treg depletion i...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP1751
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although zidovudine (ZDV) is effective in HIV-1-infected patients, the duration of its efficacy may be short when treatment is started in advanced HIV disease. This pilot prospective case-control study was designed to evaluate the combination of ZDV plus didanosine [ddI] compared with ZDV monotherapy as an initial the...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to study the inhibitory effect of various reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) on cell-free HIV, we adapted a recently described in vitro system, based on co-cultures of dendritic cells and resting CD4 T cells, modelling early target cells during sexual transmission. The compounds tested included the secon...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oseltamivir phosphate is an FDA-approved treatment for influenza that has been available for prescription use in the USA since 1999. The present report describes findings from a post-marketing safety study of skin reactions associated with oseltamivir use. All patients in the claims-derived Ingenix Research Database w...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 during breastfeeding is a major concern in resource-poor settings where alternatives to breast milk may be unaffordable, unsafe and limited by social stigma. The use of triple-drug antiretroviral regimens initiated during pregnancy and continued throughout breast...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP2314
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Virological success (VS) and immunological reconstitution (IR) of antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients with pre-therapy viral load (VL) >500,000 copies/ml was assessed after 12 months of treatment according to initial drug-class regimens. METHODS:An observational multicentre retrospective study was ...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP3197
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The lipodystrophy syndrome is a major adverse effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), associated with altered circulating levels and adipose tissue mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, and adiponectin. Proinflammatory cytokine...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV drug resistance testing is becoming an integral part of antiretroviral drug development and of patient management. The parameters that characterize the performance of both phenotypic and genotypic assays and the validation of this performance are essential to their proper use for these applications. Several princi...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The standard treatment of HCV infection with pegylated interferon-alpha2a or -alpha2b and ribavirin is effective in <50% of HCV genotype-1-infected patients. To improve this figure, it might be desirable to obtain optimal plasma concentrations of the drug by increasing the dose. Unfortunately, there is great interpati...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3851/IMP1609
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There are few published data characterizing patterns of liver stiffness measurements (LSMs) among HCV-infected persons and their potential impact on clinical decisions (for example, deferring treatment and hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance). METHODS:A total of 591 HCV-infected injection drug users in a ...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP2085
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A significant proportion of hepatitis C patients treated with unmodified interferon plus ribavirin fail to respond. The optimal therapy for these patients has not been established yet. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of peginterferon plus ribavirin with or without amantidine...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nucleoside (or nucleotide) reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) cause side effects in some patients, prompting the use of either partly or fully NRTI-sparing regimens. METHODS:We used data from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study to estimate the effectiveness of two new dolutegravir dual regimens relative to the...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP3310
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV escape in the central nervous system (CNS) despite undetectable viral load in the plasma has been observed and may contribute to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Favouring the use of HIV drugs with a good penetration into the CNS has been advocated, leading to the establishment of the CNS penetration-effec...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP2561
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Studies of the effects of antiretroviral drugs on lipid metabolism are limited by the availability of suitable models. We have thus developed an animal model utilising Göttingen mini-pigs. The normal lipid metabolism of mini-pigs closely reflects that of humans and they are expected to have similar reactions...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP1509
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Zika virus, a previously neglected mosquito-borne virus, is prompting worldwide concern because of its connection with congenital defects, Guillain-Barré syndrome, meningoencephalitis and myelitis in infected individuals. However, no specific antiviral therapy is available at present. In this study, we inves...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP3180
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Delayed and variable antibody responses to HCV make it difficult to diagnose acute HCV infection reliably. Immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG anti-HCV may be observed simultaneously as disease persists. IgM plays a key role in mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC), an immune complex disease strongly associated with persistent HCV inf...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3851/IMP2222
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although thiazolidinediones have been shown to increase subcutaneous fat in congenital lipodystrophy, rosiglitazone did not show convincing results in HIV lipoatrophy. We assess a potential specific effect of pioglitazone in this setting. METHODS:One-hundred and thirty HIV-1-infected adults with self-report...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy contributes to pharmacokinetic variability and is the major determinant of virological failure. However, measuring treatment adherence is difficult, especially in children. We investigated the relationship between plasma lopinavir concentrations, pretreatment characte...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP2749
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the treatment and health care costs of HIV infection or AIDS in France during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). DESIGN:We used a clinical database of HIV-infected patients to calculate the resource use and cost of care for different stages of HIV infection. Costs were incor...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00