Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The human face is a highly specialized organ for receiving the sensory information from the environment and for its transmission to the cortex. The advent of facial transplantation has shown that excellent reconstruction of disfiguring defects can be achieved; thus, the expectations are now focused on functional recovery of the transplant. So far, restoration of facial sensation has not received the same attention as the recovery of motor function. METHODS:A thorough review of the literature was performed to investigate the current knowledge on the sensory pathways of the human face and their functions to evaluate current methods of sensory assessment and the available data on normal sensation. RESULTS:The presence of Meissner and Ruffini corpuscles, Merkel disks, hair-associated fibers, and intraepidermal free nerve endings was confirmed. Occurrence of extensive cross-communications between trigeminal and facial nerve was substantiated. Two-point discrimination and pressure thresholds represented the most objective measures of facial sensation. Age, sex, and smoker status of the patients were shown to influence normal sensibility values. The most suitable areas for sensory testing based on the tested modality and innervation were inferred. The anatomical course of the nerves and their variations had implications for the harvest of face allografts and repair of the sensory nerves. CONCLUSIONS:This review has illustrated the complexity of sensory pathways of the face and their influence on somatic and visceral responses. In view of the discussed data, during facial transplantation, it is important to consider different mechanisms of restoration of facial sensation.
journal_name
Plast Reconstr Surgjournal_title
Plastic and reconstructive surgeryauthors
Siemionow M,Gharb BB,Rampazzo Adoi
10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181fed6fdsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-02-01 00:00:00pages
652-662issue
2eissn
0032-1052issn
1529-4242pii
00006534-201102000-00020journal_volume
127pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::A reconstruction of a neck with a defect caused by radionecrosis sequelae using two rotation-advancement platysma myocutaneous flaps is presented. The thinness of the flaps, their accessibility, the lack of bulk, and the primary closure of the donor site, without functional or aesthetic problems, all render this techn...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199905060-00024
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent controversy encountered with silicone breast implants has increased the use of autogenous tissue for breast reconstruction following mastectomy. Surveillance of patients who have undergone autogenous tissue reconstruction is important in the evaluation of recurrent or new cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199501000-00010
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe the use of the extensor pollicis longus tendon as an extension of the motor unit in an opponens transfer. Its advantages, and its successful application in 4 cases, are illustrated. To the best of our knowledge, this method has not been described before. We believe it to be a satisfactory addition to the o...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-197602000-00010
更新日期:1976-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an effort to evaluate quality-of-life benefits of ablative head and neck cancer surgery and microvascular reconstruction, a longitudinal study was undertaken in which patients with T3 or T4 oropharyngeal cancers without systemic metastases at presentation were administered both general and disease-specific quality-...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-200004050-00005
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Among advanced therapeutic interventions for wounds, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has the unique ability to ameliorate tissue hypoxia, reduce pathologic inflammation, and mitigate ischemia reperfusion injury. Most of the conditions for which it is utilized have few successful alternative treatments, and ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000002714
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Free sensate thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps that include the posterior divisions of the lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves have been described. The authors used preoperative color Doppler sonography to identify the nerves and demonstrate its clinical value. METHODS:Fourteen free sen...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181909c34
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The "TOMAX" (TO MAX-imize sensation, sexuality, and quality of life) procedure restores genital sensation in men with low spinal lesions, improving sexual health, as shown previously. It connects the dorsal nerve of the penis to the intact ipsilateral ilioinguinal nerve, unilaterally or bilaterally. This stu...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000000406
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education guidelines separate residents' education into six core competencies or subjects. The authors address the least intuitive of these, systems-based practice. In systems-based practice, educators and residents must demonstrate an awareness of and responsiven...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000245064.78012.ca
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vascularized composite allotransplantation is an emerging field of transplantation that provides a potential treatment for complex tissue defects after traumatic loss or tumor resection and for the repair of congenital abnormalities. However, vascularized composite allotransplantation recipients have suffere...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182a0141f
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The choice between internal and external distraction osteogenesis for midface advancement in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis is based primarily on surgeon preference and expertise. However, differences in outcomes between the two techniques have been sparingly compared. In this work, the authors per...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000006164
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vertical scar reduction mammaplasty has the advantage of reduced scar burden and improved long-term projection of the breasts. The technique has been criticized for being restricted to cases of mild to moderate mammary hypertrophy and is considered more intuitive and difficult to learn when compared with mor...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000218173.16272.6c
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vascularized composite allotransplantation is an emerging field, but the complications of lifelong immunosuppression limit indications. Vascularized composite allotransplantation in solid organ recipients represents a unique opportunity because immunosuppression has already been accepted. This report of a si...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000002153
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fibrous capsules surrounding silicone implants were investigated in a new guinea pig model to delineate some of the factors leading to capsular contracture. Both the implant surfaces and tissue capsules were examined by light and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM + SEM) with x-ray energy spectroscopy (XE...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-198401000-00021
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The presence of epicanthal folds and the absence of supratarsal folds are unique features in the eyelids of Asians. The resulting appearance leads many to seek cosmetic improvement in the medial canthal area. Although many techniques have been described for the elimination of epicanthal folds, scarring and d...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000246713.59153.bb
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Holoprosencephaly encompasses a series of midline defects of the brain and face. Most cases are associated with severe malformations of the brain which are incompatible with life. At the other end of the spectrum, however, are patients with midline facial defects and normal or near-normal brain development. Although s...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199212000-00002
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Stable reduction of fractures of the zygomatic complex is essential to avoid long-term aesthetic, sensory, and ocular consequences. Delayed collapse or relapse after reduction of fractures of the zygomatic complex is attributed to muscle forces, when there has been no additional trauma. A number of studies h...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000239565.82612.56
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The quantity of soft tissue overlying the symphysis menti affords an important attribute that can aid in determination of the correct surgical approach for optimal facial harmony. Xerograms of the facial profile of 100 patients with normal occlusion were analyzed by accepted radiographic cephalometric techniques. The ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1965, the cleft palate team at Children's Memorial Hospital embarked on a new surgical-orthodontic protocol in the habilitation of newborn complete cleft lip and palate cases. It brought the orthodontic effort into focus at birth and in planned sequence to correspond with the surgical procedures of lip closure, max...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.PRS.0000037680.39989.74
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Over the last 15 years, negative-pressure wound therapy has become commonly used for treatment of a wide variety of complex wounds. There are now several systems marketed, and additional products will be available in the near future. Many clinicians have noted a dramatic response when negative-pressure wound...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e318200a427
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap is a safe and reliable technique for breast reconstruction, its versatility is limited when large cutaneous units are needed to resurface a heavily irradiated or scarred breast and chest wall. The thick back skin, in particular, may be unsuitable for reconstruction oppos...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199404000-00024
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Oncoplastic reduction mammaplasty offers patients breast conservation with the added benefit of functional improvement in symptoms related to macromastia. The reduction can be performed in the immediate setting with the lumpectomy, in a staged-immediate fashion after final pathology has been confirmed or in ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182131c1c
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The current standard of care for the prevention and treatment of scarring after burn injury is pressure garment therapy. Although this therapy has been used clinically for many years, controversy remains regarding its efficacy. The authors evaluated the efficacy of pressure garment therapy in a female red Du...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000001507
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a series of six patients with eight flaps in whom computer-generated models were used for fabrication of vascularized bone grafts in complex facial restorations. Preoperative CT data, digitalized on tape, were converted by the CEMAX (Santa Clara, Calif.) 1500 Integrated Hardware and Software System to a thr...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199302000-00007
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin is a slow-growing tumor with a high recurrence rate. To improve the recognition of the clinical entity, two cases of this tumor were reported and were investigated histopathologically and histochemically. Both patients showed no evidence of metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma int ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199704000-00040
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Scleral show or ectropion is a known complication of lower eyelid surgery. It is particularly problematic after lower eyelid blepharoplasty when the orbicularis oculi muscle is transected or after other procedures are performed that denervate the lower eyelid. The purpose of this study was to determine wheth...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000186532.29557.96
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The coverage of large soft-tissue defects usually requires a large flap transfer, especially in a combination and expanded form. However, some large soft-tissue defects still cannot be covered by such flaps. In this article, we present a case of a civil war injury in a patient from Afghanistan who had severe trauma to...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-200008000-00024
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Genioplasty has been a useful and frequently employed technique. In previous publications, the authors discussed the benefits and versatility of the genioplasty. Here, they briefly examine the entire experience of the senior author, from 1975 to the present. METHODS:The authors examined a series of 580 geni...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000209461.99737.ed
更新日期:2006-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Five cases of burns occurring in TRAM flaps utilized for breast reconstruction are presented in this study. These injuries resulted from exposure to thermal and/or solar radiation. We believe that the physiologic changes that result from flap elevation and transposition, mainly denervation, negate the autonomic protec...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum amount of orbicularis oculi muscle that may safely be resected from the upper eyelid without causing functional abnormalities. Measured amounts of that muscle were surgically excised from both upper eyelids in six cynomolgus monkeys. All the eyelids were photograp...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199101000-00006
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A venous skin graft for the treatment of skin defects in a finger is described. This procedure involves taking a flap from the forearm together with the subcutaneous vein and anastomosing both ends of this vein to the digital artery and vein, respectively. Thirteen difficult finger wounds were resurfaced with such a v...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-198702000-00016
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00