Abstract:
:We describe an assessment of the impact on mortality of eight major sources of PM2.5 in the Greater Metropolitan Region of Sydney, Australia (GMR). We modeled exposure to PM2.5 for the year July 2010 to June 2011 and estimated the burden of current mortality attributable to these sources. We also estimated the number of life-years that would be produced if emissions from wood heaters and power stations, the two largest emissions sources, were reduced. Wood heaters (assuming a real-world emissions factor of 11.4 g of PM2.5 per kg of wood burned) were the most important source of PM2.5 exposure, responsible for around 24.0% of the total anthropogenic PM2.5 concentration. On-road sources and power stations were also important, responsible for 16.9% and 10.5% of anthropogenic PM2.5 exposure respectively. Around 1.2% of mortality (5,900 YLL) was attributable to long-term exposure to all anthropogenic PM2.5, including 0.3% (1,400 YLL) attributable to wood heater-related PM2.5, 0.2% (990 YLL) to on-road sources and 0.1% (620 YLL) to power stations. Compared to ongoing emissions at 2010/11 levels, we estimated that a sustained reduction in emissions from wood heaters due to the introduction of an emissions standard of 1.5 g of PM2.5 per kilogram of wood burned (real world emissions factor of 3.9 g of PM2.5 per kg of wood burned) and the associated reduction in PM2.5 population exposure would produce 90,000 life-years among the cohort of people alive in 2010/11. Complete removal of sulphur oxide emissions from power stations would produce 14,000 life-years and complete removal of nitrogen oxide emissions would produce 38,000 life-years. A range of sensitivity analyses indicate the true impact of PM2.5 from these sources is likely to be at least as large as these estimates. This assessment shows that eight sources are responsible for more than 60% of exposure to anthropogenic PM2.5 in the Sydney GMR. Although the burden of mortality attributable to each source is relatively small, interventions that achieve sustained reductions in emissions could provide substantial health benefits, which are likely to far outweigh the costs.
journal_name
Environ Intjournal_title
Environment internationalauthors
Broome RA,Powell J,Cope ME,Morgan GGdoi
10.1016/j.envint.2019.105429subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-04-01 00:00:00pages
105429eissn
0160-4120issn
1873-6750pii
S0160-4120(19)34070-Xjournal_volume
137pub_type
杂志文章abstract::To enlarge the possibilities of using organisms of the soil fauna to assess the bioaccumulative potential of chemicals, the kinetic of soil cadmium (Cd) transfer to the terrestrial gastropod Helix aspersa was investigated under laboratory conditions during a long-term experiment (6 months). During the exposure phase (...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2006.05.006
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifty women residing in and around New Delhi, India and identified to have benign (25 nos.) and malignant (25 nos.) breast lesions were studied for the first time to access the association between environmental exposure to lead and risk of breast cancer and to determine the potential of changes in trace elements conce...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2006.02.002
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To conduct a systematic review of published studies on the association between residential/household/domestic exposure to pesticides and childhood leukaemia, and to provide a quantitative estimate of the risk. METHODS:Publications in English were searched in MEDLINE (1966-31 December 2009) and from the refer...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2010.08.016
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article presents the results of natural carrying capacity of ponding irrigation system in Taoyuan agricultural zone, Taiwan. Both the systematic water quality and the ponding effects were examined. The ponding irrigation system included a flow channel and storage ponds. The data showed that most water characteris...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0160-4120(00)00079-9
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Childhood obesity is a global health issue, and limited evidence suggests that air pollution may be a contributing factor. This study aims to examine whether exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with obesity status in a nationally representative sample of schoolchildren in China. METHOD...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105950
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological studies have shown the association between the exposure to air pollution and several adverse health effects. To evaluate the possible acute health effects of air pollution due to the emissions of a cement plant in two small municipalities in Italy (Mazzano and Rezzato), a case-control study design was ...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2011.12.005
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) are developing a joint methodology for estimating the national and global work-related burden of disease and injury (WHO/ILO joint methodology), with contributions from a large network of experts. In this paper, we present th...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.011
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nematodes represent a very abundant group of soil organisms and non-parasitic species are important for soil quality and in the soil food web. In recent years, it has been shown that nematodes are appropriate bioindicators of soil condition and they are also suitable organisms for laboratory toxicity testing. The aims...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2005.08.031
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of herbicides constitutes the principal method of weed control but the introduction of these compounds into the aquatic environment can provoke severe consequences for non-target organisms such as microalgae. Toxic effects of these pollutants on microalgae are generally evaluated using phytotoxicity tests base...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2008.06.012
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Restrictions on the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have resulted in the use of alternative flame retardants in consumer products to comply with flammability standards. In contrast to PBDEs, information on the occurrence and fate of these alternative compounds in the environment is limited, particularly ...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2012.06.005
更新日期:2012-10-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread endocrine-disrupting chemical with estrogen like effects, which could interfere with the human reproductive system by disrupting the normal function of granulosa cells (GCs) leading to abnormal ovarian function. However, the mechanism of its toxicity on human GCs has not bee...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106298
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dioxins, PCBs, chlorinated pesticides, brominated flame retardants, bisphenol A, triclosan, perfluorinated compounds and phthalates are known as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). OBJECTIVES:The aim of our study was to investigate whether higher exposure to EDCs is associated with increased subfertility...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.07.017
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While it is known that perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) induce liver toxicity in experimental studies, the evidence of an association in humans is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE:The main aim of the present study was to examine the association of PFAS concentrations and markers of liver function using panel data. ...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.052
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brominated flame retardants, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been incorporated in numerous products to reduce flammability. Depending on their bromination, PBDEs are relatively persistent in the environment and have the potential to bioaccumulate through the food web. The present study was initia...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.07.003
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Metabolomics is a novel tool to explore the biological mechanisms of the health effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution. Very few studies have examined the urinary metabolomic changes associated with PM2.5 exposure. OBJECTIVE:To assess the alternation in urine metabolomics in response to sh...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.072
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phytoestrogens (PEs) are naturally occurring chemical constituents of certain plants. The internal PE exposures, mainly from diet, vary among different populations and in different regions due to various eating habits. To investigate the potential relationship between urinary PE levels and idiopathic male infertility ...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2013.06.009
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Consumption of rice contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is a major pathway for human exposure to PTEs. This is particularly true in China's so called "Cancer Villages". In this study, sewage sludge biochar (SSBC) was applied to soil (at 5% and 10%) to suppress PTE phytoavailability and as a consequence...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.03.017
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Tobacco presence in outdoor children's playgrounds is concerning not only because it leads to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, but also cigarette butt pollution and tobacco normalization. OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to assess SHS exposure in children's playgrounds, according to area-level socioeconomic st...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105775
更新日期:2020-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to develop a standardised protocol for the use of Lolium perenne cultures to biomonitor the surroundings of an aluminium smelter. Five ecological stations, which corresponded to air quality network monitoring sites pertaining to the smelter, were selected for study. Cultures of L. pere...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2006.10.004
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were reported to result in the endocrine disruption by activating the estrogen receptor (ER) and inducing ER-mediated transcriptions. OBJECTIVE:The aim of the present work was to perform cross-species comparisons on the characteristics of eight PFCs binding to humans ERα and ...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105284
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are ubiquitous in our environment. These chemicals have been characterized as endocrine disruptors that can cause functional impairment of development and reproduction. Processed and packaged foods are among the major sources of human exposure to these chemicals. No previous report sho...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.08.005
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bisphenol-A (BPA) is one of the highest volume chemicals produced worldwide, with over 6billion pounds produced and over 100t released into the atmosphere each year. Recent extensive literature has raised concerns about its possible implication in the etiology of some human chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, ...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2013.12.007
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We performed a systematic review of the epidemiology literature to identify the female reproductive and developmental effects associated with phthalate exposure. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA:Six phthalates were included in the review: di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DI...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.003
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ultrasonic humidifiers provide indoor relief to symptoms caused by dry air and produce aerosols containing both water and minerals that are present in the water that fills the humidifier. This study investigated the spatial distributions, concentrations, and metal and mineral composition of aerosols emitted when an ul...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105902
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The content, behaviour and significance of heavy metals in composted waste materials is important from two potentially conflicting aspects of environmental legislation in terms of: (a) defining end-of-waste criteria and increasing recycling of composted residuals on land and (b) protecting soil quality by preventing c...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2008.06.009
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The structural analogs, 2,4-dibromophenol (2,4-DBP) and 2,4-dibromoanisole (2,4-DBA), have both natural and artificial sources and are frequently detected in environmental matrices. Their environmental fates, especially volatilization, including both direct volatilization from cultivation solution and phytovolatilizat...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105888
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human health risk assessment is one of the rapidly evolving tools used in the management of contaminated aquifers. Health risk assessments have been traditionally based on the point estimate approach. Due to the uncertainty and variability inherent in subsurface properties and exposed human population characteristics,...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2005.06.005
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::People in the Arctic as well as fishermen on the polluted Swedish east coast are highly exposed to persistent organic pollutants (POPs). These compounds have been shown to affect the sperm Y:X chromosome ratio. In present study, the aim was to investigate whether polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and 1,1,-dichl...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.09.001
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is public concern regarding potential health effects of radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) exposure, as produced by mobile phones or broadcast transmitters. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between RF-EMF exposure and non-specific symptoms and tinnitus in a pr...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2011.08.002
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the early 1990s in the lagoon of Venice, especially in the central basin, the surface sediment underwent high re-suspension and sedimentation changes and water turbidity increased both because of the disappearance of the macroalgal coverage and the harvesting of the Manila clam Tapes philippinarum Adams and Reev...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2005.05.008
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00