Abstract:
:Despite the monumental success of childhood prophylactic vaccination, there is no similar program designed to provide protection as we age against adult onset diseases like breast cancer. Instead, the predominant focus of current cancer vaccine strategy is to vaccinate after the tumors become established. This strategy has at best provided incremental improvement in overall survival. We propose the development of an adult vaccination program modeled on the childhood program that provides protection against diseases we confront as we enter our middle age. Since most cases of adult cancers are not associated with definitive etiopathogenic viruses, we propose extending our selection of vaccine targets to tissue-specific self proteins that are over-expressed in developing tumors but are no longer expressed in normal tissues ('retired or former self'), are expressed in normal tissues under readily avoidable conditions ('conditional self'), or are incapable of targeting any clinically significant autoimmune complications ('irrelevant self'). By extending prophylactic vaccination to such "functional non-self" targets, prophylactic vaccination against adult onset diseases like breast cancer may occur safely in the absence of any autoimmune inflammatory complications and may potentially reduce disease incidence in a manner that mimics the impact of childhood vaccination on diseases like measles and polio.
journal_name
Ann Medjournal_title
Annals of medicineauthors
Tuohy VK,Jaini Rdoi
10.3109/07853890.2011.565065subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-08-01 00:00:00pages
356-65issue
5eissn
0785-3890issn
1365-2060journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章abstract:AIM:To evaluate the effects of canrenone compared to placebo on blood pressure control, some non-conventional biomarkers in cardiovascular stratification, and on metalloproteinases in patients affected by metabolic syndrome. METHODS:A total of 156 Caucasian patients were treated with placebo or canrenone, 50 mg once a...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.3109/07853890.2014.969303
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Inflammation is an important contributor to the development of chronic diseases. We examined whether a healthy Nordic diet, also called the Baltic Sea diet, associates with lower concentrations of inflammatory markers. METHODS:We used two independent cross-sectional studies: the DILGOM study including Fin...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853890.2013.870020
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common among the severe cardiac arrhythmias and carries a significant risk of mortality and morbidity in the general population. The most important complication is represented by development of one or more thrombi in the left atrium of the dyskinetic heart, and their successive cer...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853890.2014.912835
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Female sex, old age, and time to cardioversion increase the risk of thromboembolic complications (TEC) after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (AF) < 48 h. The interaction of these variables is not known. We investigated the interaction of sex, age, and time to electrical cardioversion (ECV) on TEC in ant...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890.2016.1267869
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes the responses of peripheral and central visceral nociceptive systems to acute injury and discusses these observations in relation to the concept of 'pre-emptive analgesia'. Visceral nociceptors are known to respond to injury but are also known to become sensitized to non-noxious stimuli during the...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899509031965
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent arrhythmia and is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke (IS) and systemic embolism (SE). Stroke prevention is a key element for the overall management of AF patients. The non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs), such as dabigatran, rivaroxaban,...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890.2018.1460489
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lyme borreliosis is endemic in the Aland Islands. Exposure of the inhabitants to bites of the tick Ixodes ricinus is heavy. The purpose of this study was to describe symptoms and signs of patients with late Lyme borreliosis in this area, and to correlate the findings with the epidemiological setting. The first 100 con...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853899309147296
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research in developing countries is essential for the evaluation of the safety, efficacy and acceptability of both new and already available contraceptives. Research conducted by scientists in developing countries has also played an essential role in the development of new contraceptives. The continuous delivery of pr...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853899309147858
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The understanding and treatment of schizophrenia have been greatly hampered by uncertainty about etiological factors and controversy about diagnostic boundaries. Adoption studies have helped clarify both of these problems. First, the adoptees study method, the index offspring of adopting-away schizophrenic biological ...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899409147896
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diabetes in childhood and adolescence is a difficult, lifelong, evolving disorder. Insulin treatment is essential for the establishment and maintenance of optimal metabolic control but it is only part of a comprehensive child-focused management strategy which must be initiated at the time of diagnosis. Attention must ...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899708999372
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-three randomly selected plasma samples from apparently healthy, middle aged men were analysed for coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), alpha-tocopherol (AT) and free cholesterol (FC) in: 1) whole plasma, 2) the HDL lipoprotein fraction after LDL precipitation (VLDL + LDL). CoQ10, AT and FC in plasma averaged 0.69 +/- .11, 6.7...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853899109148098
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Aiming at identifying biomarkers for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the serum proteome was explored through a two-dimensional gel-based proteomic approach (2D-DIGE) coupled with mass spectrometry and database interrogation. METHODS:Serum samples from 20 male HCM patients and their sex- and age-matched...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853890.2013.792555
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite striking extensions of lifespan, leading causes of death in most countries now constitute chronic, degenerative diseases which outpace the capacity of health systems. Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in both developed and undeveloped countries. In America, nearly half of the adult popul...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890.2016.1271957
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::On theoretical grounds, an apo E receptor defect should be manifested by the accumulation of lipoprotein remnants that are normally cleared by this receptor and cannot be processed by the normal apo B, E receptor (LDL-receptor). Furthermore, the defect should not be selective for a specific apo E phenotype since none ...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853899109148042
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Finnish type of hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis (AGel amyloidosis) is an autosomal dominant disorder. Until recently, there has only been little knowledge of fatal complications of the disease and its possible impact on the patients' life span. METHODS:We identified 272 deceased patients based on patient in...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890.2016.1177197
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in sarcomeric proteins. It is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy in the absence of an increased external load, and myofibrillar disarray. While hypertrophy is a common cardiac response to injury, disarray is the pathologi...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concern is often expressed that, in the future, screening for genetic risk will become too widespread. Haemoglobin disorders (the thalassaemias and sickle cell disorders) offer an excellent model for genetic screening, because they are common and severe. They are recessively inherited. Carriers can be detected by conv...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853899709007488
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the reliability hospital discharge register data in the assessment of acute myocardial infarction trends. In the FINMONICA study areas, trends in age standarized attack rates for the years 1983-90 were calculated independently from two sources: the nationwide Finnish hospital discharge register and the FI...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853899509002467
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radiosurgery is an increasingly popular method for treating a variety of intracranial tumours. A great deal of treatment data has been accumulated suggesting that radiosurgery may be the treatment of choice for small acoustic schwannomas. Moreover, radiosurgery promises excellent tumour control and minimal risk in the...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853890008995912
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The question why low-density lipoprotein (LDL) stranded in the subendothelium of arteries should acquire the proinflammatory properties that initiate and sustain atherogenesis has puzzled researchers for decades. The most popular concept contends that oxidative processes are crucial because oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) produ...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.3109/07853899809002596
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Steroids diffuse through polysiloxone at a constant rate, and steroids placed in the vagina rapidly pass through the vaginal epithelium into the circulation. Combining these principles led to the development of contraceptive vaginal rings (CVR) consisting of various progestins, with and without oestrogen, placed in fl...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899309164167
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This is a brief overview of the cytokine network within juvenile chronic arthritis, introducing the concept of the production of T-helper 1 (TH-1) or TH2-cell differentiation as a result of cytokine production, as well as the concept of the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The balance of TH1 and T...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899709113701
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is increasing evidence that fasting hypertriglyceridaemia identifies individuals who are at increased risk for coronary artery disease. It is probable that this reflects the effects of the smaller triglyceride-bearing lipoproteins. It may also reflect increased levels of postprandial lipoproteins. There is consi...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899309147307
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cells with stem cell-like attributes, such as self-renewal and pluripotency, have been isolated from hematological malignancies and from several solid tumor types. Tumor-initiating cells, also referred to as cancer stem cells, are thought to be responsible for the initiation and growth of tumors. Like their normal cou...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890802021342
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The thoracolumbar junctional region (T10-L1) of the spine is a transitional zone, where more than half of the thoracic and lumbar fractures occur. In this presentation the origin of the pathoanatomical changes in the thoracolumbar junctional region of the spine is discussed in view of the previous studies. These studi...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853898909149222
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Undetermined strokes with an embolic pattern (USEP) represent a common phenotype. We assessed their frequency and compared USEP with cardioembolic stroke with a known source and non-cardioembolic stroke etiology. METHODS:Study patients were 540 consecutive ischemic stroke patients admitted to Helsinki Uni...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853890.2015.1057612
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the last two decades, the importance of genetic factors in the aetiology of major mental illness has been firmly re-established and psychiatric research has now firmly embraced the era of molecular genetics. Despite a number of false starts in the study of schizophrenia and affective disorder, there have been suc...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899209147816
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Certain bacterial infections have been demonstrated to be causative of reactive arthritis. The most common bacterial trigger of reactive arthritis is Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydia pneumoniae is another known cause, albeit far less frequently. Although Chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis will often spontaneously re...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853890.2011.606830
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abstract A host of clinical scenarios can be depicted in hereditary autoinflammatory diseases, and the cardiovascular system can also be involved especially in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), caused by mutations in the MEFV gene, and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), caused by m...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853890.2010.547212
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to test the applicability of exercise echocardiography in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. The results were compared to findings of coronary angiography. 118 patients, 100 males and 18 females, who were all referred to coronary angiography for suspected ischaemic heart disease, u...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.3109/07853899608999078
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00