Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To test whether the association between depression and inflammation differs by race and sex. Depressive symptoms have been associated with higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). However, few studies have examined this association in samples including a significant number of African Americans, or examined whether the association differs by race and sex. METHODS:Depressive symptoms and CRP were assessed in 512 African American and white participants, age 30 to 65 years, as part of the community-based Morehouse and Emory Team up to Eliminate Health Disparities (META-Health) Study. Depression was determined by responses to the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). Multivariable linear regression models were used to adjust for demographic and metabolic risk factors. RESULTS:African American men had higher total BDI-II scores than white men (p = .03), whereas there was no difference in women. There was a significant race-sex-depression interaction in predicting CRP levels (p = .02). White women with mild to severe depressive symptoms had higher levels of CRP compared with those with minimal to no depressive symptoms (p < .05). There were no differences in levels of CRP by severity of depressive symptoms in white men or African Americans of either sex. Higher BDI-II scores were related to higher CRP levels in white women after adjusting for age and level of education (β = 0.227, p = .006). However, the association was eliminated after further adjustment for metabolic risk factors (β = 0.077, p = .35). CONCLUSIONS:Although depressive symptoms are associated with inflammation, the association varies by race and sex.
journal_name
Psychosom Medjournal_title
Psychosomatic medicineauthors
Morris AA,Zhao L,Ahmed Y,Stoyanova N,De Staercke C,Hooper WC,Gibbons G,Din-Dzietham R,Quyyumi A,Vaccarino Vdoi
10.1097/PSY.0b013e318222379csubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-07-01 00:00:00pages
462-8issue
6eissn
0033-3174issn
1534-7796pii
PSY.0b013e318222379cjournal_volume
73pub_type
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journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine
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