Cell wall-anchored 5'-nucleotidases in Gram-positive cocci.

Abstract:

:5'-nucleotidases (5'-NTs) are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleoside monophosphates to produce nucleosides and phosphate. Since the identification of adenosine synthase A (AdsA) in Staphylococcus aureus in 2009, several other 5'-NTs have been discovered in Gram-positive cocci, mainly in streptococci. Despite some differences in substrate specificity, pH range and metal ion requirements, all characterized 5'-NTs use AMP and ADP, and in some cases ATP, to produce the immunosuppressive adenosine, which dampens pro-inflammatory immune responses. Several 5'-NTs are also able to use dAMP as substrate to generate deoxy-adenosine which is cytotoxic for macrophages. A synergy between 5'-NTs and exonucleases which are commonly expressed in Gram-positive cocci has been described, where the nucleases provide dAMP as a cleavage product from DNA. Some of these nucleases produce dAMP by degrading the DNA backbone of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) resulting in a "double hit" strategy of immune evasion. This Micro Review provides an overview of the biochemical properties of Gram-positive cell wall-anchored 5'-NTs and their role as virulence factors. A potential use of 5'-NTs for vaccine development is also briefly discussed.

journal_name

Mol Microbiol

journal_title

Molecular microbiology

authors

Soh KY,Loh JMS,Proft T

doi

10.1111/mmi.14442

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-04-01 00:00:00

pages

691-698

issue

4

eissn

0950-382X

issn

1365-2958

journal_volume

113

pub_type

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