Abstract：
:The aim of this study was to examine mortality risk and causes of death for natives and non-natives in a cohort of heroin population of treated in Northern Italy. Crude Mortality Rates (CMRs) were 12.78 per 1,000 Person Years (PY), Standardized Mortality Rate (SMR) was 9.93. Mortality has been decreasing over time, was higher for patients who accessed the treatment services before 2001 and has been increasing with age. CMRs and SMRs were higher among natives, while non-natives were distinguished by higher CMRs and SMRs for suicide. The natives were at greater risk of death than non-natives both injecting and non-injecting, but the mortality risk was not statistically significant in the different periods of first admission. Among non-native patients, older on average, there was a lower proportion of injecting, and a higher quota of people unemployed than among Italian natives. We highlight differences between the various areas of origin concerning consumption patterns and risk of death. The results of the study highlight a particular sub-population of heroin users, the non-natives, who as compared with the Italians, have less invasive consumption styles, reach the health services later but benefit from fewer medical controls.
journal_name
J Psychoactive Drugsjournal_title
Journal of psychoactive drugsauthors
Pavarin RM,Sanchini S,Marani S,Turino E,Tadonio L,Cantarelli Bdoi
10.1080/02791072.2019.1706014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-04-01 00:00:00pages
176-185issue
2eissn
0279-1072issn
2159-9777journal_volume
52pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Nicotine dependence in alcohol-involved adults is a long-ignored treatment problem. The absence of its discussion in the literature is difficult to defend in light of medical and epidemiological data on the cost and prevalence of this dual addiction. Most descriptive studies of alcohol abusers published in the past 20...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/02791072.1989.10472174
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study investigated gender differences in psychosocial functioning among clients mandated to substance abuse treatment. In the current study, 210 probationers' self reports of depression, anxiety, self esteem, decision-making, life beliefs, role modeling, cooperation, and AIDS risky behavior were gathered. ...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02791072.2009.10400537
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study arose out of a prominent clinical need: effective treatment for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD) in civilian men. This dual diagnosis is estimated to occur in up to 38% of men in substance abuse treatment, and generally portends a more severe clinical course tha...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02791072.2005.10399816
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extensive qualitative research in the San Francisco Bay Area in California and in Tucson, Arizona, indicates strong associations between substance abuse and homelessness among American Indians. This article takes a comparative approach to describe and analyze precipitating factors and survival patterns of those who ar...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02791072.2003.10399995
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Few studies have examined the prevalence of nitrous oxide (NO) inhalation or co-occurrence of NO and volatile solvent (VS) use in adolescents. Study aims were to (1) describe the independent and conjoint prevalence of NO and VS use in incarcerated youth, (2) compare adolescent users of both NO and VS inhalants (NO+VS)...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02791072.2009.10399771
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The term "date rape drug" has traditionally been applied by the media to powerful sedatives, such as gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and flunitrazepam (Rohypnol), which can render a person unconscious and hence unable to resist and/or recall an assault. However, some law enforcement agents and others have recently obtaine...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/02791072.2006.10399822
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent prevalence studies in California indicate that perinatal alcohol and other drug use remains a serious issue for large numbers of women and their children. In response, national, state and local policymakers have taken steps to address the problem, including increasing funding for treatment services. To gauge th...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02791072.1996.10471710
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Currently, ketamine is the only legal psychedelic medicine available to mental health providers for the treatment of emotional suffering. Over the past several years, ketamine has come into psychiatric use as an intervention for treatment resistant depression (TRD), administered intravenously without a psychotherapeut...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1080/02791072.2019.1587556
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Given the dearth of information concerning outcomes for adolescents who have been in treatment for substance abuse and related problems, the purpose of the present article is to examine the posttreatment status of adolescents who have been in residential therapeutic communities (TCs). One-year posttreatment outcome da...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02791072.2000.10400214
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychosocial treatments for methamphetamine dependence are of limited effectiveness. Thus, a significant need exists for add-on therapy for this substance user disorder. The aim of this study was to develop and test a novel text messaging intervention for use as an adjunct to cognitive behavioral group therapy for met...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1080/02791072.2013.847995
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of factors that coalesced in the Venus figurines of the Late Neolithic culture from Hungary have been identified with dominant hallucinatory themes, suggesting the crucial role of ecstatic religion in this culture. This article provides a review of the nature and role of hallucinogens in the ecstatic religion...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02791072.1989.10472147
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Men can present unique challenges when they come voluntarily or involuntarily to substance abuse groups. Twelve considerations are offered for working with men that include understanding the context of masculinity, how men are socialized, the gender of the therapist, their relationships with their fathers and their ch...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02791072.2009.10399777
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diseases that threaten life raise existential questions that can be a source of psychological distress. Studies with psychedelics demonstrate therapeutic effects for anxiety and depression associated with life-threatening illnesses. Ayahuasca has been proposed as a possible therapeutic agent in the treatment of psychi...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02791072.2020.1854399
更新日期：2020-12-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Contemporary research has shown that a high number of alcohol-dependent and other drug-dependent individuals have a sweet preference, specifically for foods with a high sucrose concentration. Moreover, both human and animal studies have demonstrated that in some brains the consumption of sugar-rich foods or drinks pri...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02791072.2010.10400687
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article presents an overview of Control Mastery Theory, developed by Joseph Weiss, and applies this theory to the treatment of alcohol- and other drug-addicted clients. The article proposes that individual psychotherapy, in conjunction with self-help and other chemical dependency treatment programs, may be a sign...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/02791072.1993.10472285
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methadone maintenance has been used for decades to treat opioid-dependent pregnant women. The outcomes of pregnancies thus treated are vastly improved over the outcomes of pregnancies complicated by street drug use. Despite its long history of successful use during pregnancy, little is known about the long-term effect...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/02791072.1994.10472263
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The betel quid is one of the most commonly consumed psychoactive substances in the world. By archaeological evidence like the occurrence of areca nuts in archaeological sites, the typical overall reddish-brown staining on prehistoric human teeth or specific artifacts linked with the habit, it is assumed that this trad...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02791072.2016.1264647
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A review of the literature suggests that a common psychobiological process is associated with various altered states of consciousness (ASC) utilized by shamans, meditators, and mediums. However, the shamanic state of consciousness (SSC) can be differentiated physiologically from possession trance states. The psychophy...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/02791072.1989.10472140
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The practice of "dabbing" has seen an apparent upswing in popularity in recent months within American drug subcultures. "Dabbing" refers to the use of butane-extracted marijuana products that offer users much higher tetrahydrocannabinol content than flower cannabis through a single dosage process. Though considerably ...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02791072.2015.1118173
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper proposes that a comprehensive, long-term program with a case-management focus will produce better outcomes and be more cost-effective than the current approach to managing the illnesses of women on Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (or TANF, formerly known as AFDC) who are afflicted with both drug dep...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/02791072.1997.10400563
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Abstract Objective: This study investigated the effects of standard eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) protocol in chronically dependent patients. We propose that reprocessing traumatic memories with EMDR would lead to measurable changes of addiction symptoms. METHOD:Twelve patients with a...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1080/02791072.2014.921744
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a new psychological methodology that has been applied to a wide range of psychological disorders. Clinical reports over the past three years indicate that it is an important addition to the treatment of substance abuse. EMDR offers a structured, client-centered m...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02791072.1994.10472458
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The practice of injecting shared drugs, in which drug users prepare, divide and inject portions of a drug solution, is a means of transmitting HIV, HCV, and other blood-borne pathogens. This study examined the process of injecting shared drugs among drug users in San Juan, Puerto Rico, through detailed observations of...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02791072.2005.10399747
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is important to identify social conditions, program factors, and client characteristics that predict retention because time in substance abuse treatment is associated with improved health, mood, and social functioning. Treatment dropouts also are at high risk for serious harms, including relapse. Most opioid-depend...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02791072.2006.10399832
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the relationships between substance abuse, mental health problems and HIV risk behavior in offenders discharged from prison and referred to substance abuse treatment programs. Data from 34 sites (n = 1,358) in a federally-funded cooperative agreement, the Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studi...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1080/02791072.2008.10400652
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data from the Partnership Attitude Tracking Study are analyzed to provide a greater understanding of the contributing factors to alcohol and other drug use among children and adolescents. The data were collected from children (ages 9 to 12) and teenagers (ages 13 to 17) in central locations (usually shopping malls) lo...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02791072.1993.10472273
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to evaluate psychometric properties of the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) and the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10) in prisoners with (n = 124) or without (n = 78) drug use disorder. Participants were evaluated with the DUDIT, the DAST-10, and the Addiction Profile Index-Sho...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02791072.2014.887162
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the regulatory drafting process, California considered allowing police officers to become licensed owners of cannabis businesses, an action that would have codified a conflict of interest (COI), allowing police to exert influence in two market strata, enforcement and licensure. Up until then, no state specifica...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02791072.2019.1627444
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research studies that collect biological measures of drug use have traditionally utilized laboratory urinalysis. Several recent studies have also documented the utility of laboratory oral fluid (OF) analysis. A new method of drug testing-instant OF technology--may offer a quicker, equally accurate alternative to labor...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02791072.2006.10399845
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research on the relationship between psychoactive substance dependence and personality disorder has been difficult to interpret. Among the reasons for this difficulty are (1) shifts in conceptualizations of these two classes of disorders, (2) markedly different findings related to age, sex, other demographic variables...
journal_title：Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/02791072.1989.10472153
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
