Long-term fine particulate matter exposure and cardiovascular mortality in the general population: a nationwide cohort study.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Although eastern Asian countries are exposed to high levels of air pollution, the impact of long-term exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality is not well identified. We assessed the relationship between long-term PM2.5 exposure and all-cause/cardiovascular mortalities. METHODS:We included 436,933 subjects who received national health examinations from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-based National Sample Cohort. We matched subjects' residential-address areas with hourly-measurements of PM2.5 concentration data. We estimated the risk of mortality with average PM2.5 exposure during the study period using a Cox proportional-hazards model. RESULTS:During 1,683,271 person·years, all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities were observed in 6432 and 1603 subjects (382 and 95 per 100,000 person·years, respectively). An increase in 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5 was associated with increases in all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities by 3.4 % [2.7-4.1] and 4.7 % [3.6-5.8], respectively (each p < 0.001). PM2.5 was linearly and significantly correlated with these all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities above 18 μg/m3 of PM2.5 (p < 0.001), but it was not significant below 18 μg/m3 of PM2.5. To investigate the specific PM2.5 concentration for raising cardiovascular mortality more, we analyzed the sensitivities/specificities for different PM2.5 levels, and 18 μg/m3 showed the highest Youden's index (sensitivity + specificity-1) with c-index of 0.85 (0.84-0.86). PM2.5 effect on all-cause mortality was more profound in subjects with previous myocardial infarction compared to the opposite population. CONCLUSIONS:In the Korean general population exposed to high-air pollution, long-term PM2.5 exposure was linearly associated with increased risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, especially above 18 μg/m3 of PM2.5.

journal_name

J Cardiol

journal_title

Journal of cardiology

authors

Kim IS,Yang PS,Lee J,Yu HT,Kim TH,Uhm JS,Kim JY,Pak HN,Lee MH,Joung B

doi

10.1016/j.jjcc.2019.11.004

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-05-01 00:00:00

pages

549-558

issue

5

eissn

0914-5087

issn

1876-4738

pii

S0914-5087(19)30344-2

journal_volume

75

pub_type

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