Abstract:
:Enzymatic cleavage of endogenous peptides is a commonly used principle to initiate, modulate and terminate action for instance among cytokines and peptide hormones. The incretin hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and the related hormone glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) are all rapidly N-terminally truncated with severe loss of intrinsic activity. The most abundant circulating form of full length GIP(1-42) is GIP(3-42) (a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) product). GIP(1-30)NH2 is another active form resulting from prohormone convertase 2 (PC2) cleavage of proGIP. Like GIP(1-42), GIP(1-30)NH2 is a substrate for DPP-4 generating GIP(3-30)NH2 which, compared to GIP(3-42), binds with higher affinity and very efficiently inhibits GIP receptor (GIPR) activity with no intrinsic activity. Here, we review the action of these four and multiple other N- and C-terminally truncated forms of GIP with an emphasis on molecular pharmacology, i.e. ligand binding, subsequent receptor activation and desensitization. Our overall conclusion is that the N-terminus is essential for receptor activation as GIP N-terminal truncation leads to decreased/lost intrinsic activity and antagonism (similar to GLP-1 and GLP-2), whereas the C-terminal extension of GIP(1-42), as compared to GLP-1, GLP-2 and glucagon (29-33 amino acids), has no apparent impact on the GIPR in vitro, but may play a role for other properties such as stability and tissue distribution. A deeper understanding of the molecular interaction of naturally occurring and designed GIP-based peptides, and their impact in vivo, may contribute to a future therapeutic targeting of the GIP system - either with agonists or with antagonists, or both.
journal_name
Peptidesjournal_title
Peptidesauthors
Gabe MBN,van der Velden WJC,Smit FX,Gasbjerg LS,Rosenkilde MMdoi
10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170224subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-03-01 00:00:00pages
170224eissn
0196-9781issn
1873-5169pii
S0196-9781(19)30202-5journal_volume
125pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
PEPTIDES文献大全abstract::The effect of naturally occurring cannabinoids, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN) and cannabidiol (CBD), on the brain receptors for thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) was investigated. TRH receptors were labeled with 3H-(3-MeHis2)TRH (3H-MeTRH). 3H-MeTRH bound specifically to rat brain membranes at...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(88)90120-9
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bradykinin (BK) has been proposed as the principal mediator of hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) in patients dialyzed using negatively charged membranes and concomitantly treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. We investigated the metabolism of exogenous BK added to the sera of 13 patients dialyzed...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(99)00020-0
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The RPCH and beta-actin cDNAs from the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus were amplified, cloned and sequenced. The primary structure sequences of these cDNAs were compared to other members of the AKH/RPCH family. Fluctuations in the amount of the C. quadricarinatus RPCH and beta-actin mRNAs, as cDNAs, were quantified ev...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2005.05.018
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::For clinical use, it is essential to develop potent endomorphin (EM) analogs with reduced antinociceptive tolerance. In the present study, the antinociceptive activities and tolerance development of four potent EM-1 analogs with C-terminal oligoarginine-conjugation was evaluated and compared in the radiant heat paw wi...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2018.07.004
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between gallbladder (GB) bile concentration and motility was studied in conscious dogs. The 12-h GB bile concentrations between meals could be divided into three periods: diluting, minimum, and concentrating periods. During the diluting period, inhibition of GB contractions by a CCKA receptor antagoni...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(96)00247-1
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::While the circadian rhythm of pituitary adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) secretion has been well characterized, the ultradian rhythm has been less thoroughly investigated. To study the episodic nature of ACTH secretion, unrestrained, unanesthetized rats were bled continuously through indwelling jugular venous cannulae and b...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(86)90216-0
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We screened nearly 1000 synthetic peptides and found that JAL-AK22 (KYEGHWYPEKPYKGSGFRCIHI), which is derived from the BoxA domain in the Tob1 protein, activates both unfolded and folded proMMP-7. Interestingly, the smaller derivative of JAL-AK22, termed JAL-TA9 (YKGSGFRMI) possessed auto-proteolytic activity and clea...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2019.03.005
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A bradykinin (BK)-related peptide was isolated from heat-denaturated plasma from an elasmobranch fish, the little skate, Leucoraja erinacea after incubation with porcine pancreatic kallikrein. The primary structure of the peptide (H-Gly-Ile-Thr-Ser-Trp-Leu-Pro-Phe-OH; skate BK) shows limited structural similarity to t...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2008.04.006
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin has been detected by ELISA in the vitreous of the normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rat at levels for both about 1% of those in serum. 131I-labeled insulin, administered to conscious rats via an indwelling cannula in the right atrium, was found to cross the blood-ocular barrier into the vitreous. Autoradiogra...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(92)90171-x
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antisauvagine-30 (aSVG) is the only high-affinity antagonist for the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) type 2 (CRF(2)) receptor. A structure-activity relationship study was performed to pinpoint residues conferring aSVG's selectivity. The aSVG-analogues being N-terminally extended by one or two residues or containi...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(02)00139-0
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The first member of the periviscerokinin peptide family in Locusta migratoria was identified by post-source decay fragmentation on a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer using a single neurohemal organ only. The primary sequence of this decapeptide, code-named Lom-PVK, is Ala-Ala-Gly-Leu-Phe-Gln-Phe-Pro-Arg-Val-NH(2). Unlike t...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00669-6
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urotensin II (UII), first identified from goby urophysis, is a potent vasoactive peptide hormone and an endogenous ligand for an orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR14, now named urotensin II receptor (UT-R). In addition to its vascular actions, UII has been shown to have mitogenic effects on tumor growth and some re...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2007.06.025
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously developed an in vitro model of rat brainstem explants. The latter release sizable amounts of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP); basal release can be stimulated by such secretagogues as high KCl concentrations, veratridine or capsaicine. In this paradigm we investigated the activity of the analg...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2014.03.009
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urocortin (Ucn) 1, 2 and 3 are corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-related peptides recently characterized in mammals. Urocortin 1 binds with high affinity to CRF type 1 (CRF1) and type 2 (CRF2) receptors while Ucn 2 and Ucn 3 are selective CRF2 ligands. They also have a distinct pattern of distribution, both in the ...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2004.05.025
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bursa of Fabricius (BF) is acknowledged as central humoral immune organ unique to birds. Our purpose was to identify the potential function of a novel bursal-derived bioactive peptide. A bursal septpeptide (BSP-I), EPASGMM, first isolated from BF, reduced MCF and Hela tumor cells proliferation, and enhanced antitu...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2011.04.020
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Angiotensin(1-7) had a compound effect on blood pressure of pithed Sprague-Dawley rats. The initial phase of the response consisted of an increase in MAP of short duration and independent of injected dose, followed by a decline of arterial pressure to values below baseline. Both the magnitude (range: -4 +/- 1 to -13 +...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(93)90097-z
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the cephalopod mollusk Octopus vulgaris, the gonadotropic hormone released by the optic gland controls sexual maturity. Several lobes of the central nervous system control the activity of this gland. In one of these lobes, the olfactory lobe, a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal system has been describe...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2008.07.007
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Locust abdominal ganglia are shown to colocalize Locusta-diuretic peptide-, leucokinin I-, and lysine vasopressin-like immunoreactivity in posterior lateral neurosecretory cells. Extracts of abdominal ganglia were partially purified by RP-HPLC then dot immunoassay screened with the same antisera used for immunocytoche...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(94)00158-3
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enzyme-resistant receptor agonists of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) have shown positive therapeutic effects in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM has detrimental effects on brain function and impairment of cognition and memory formation has been described. One of the underlying me...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2017.11.017
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect and mode of action of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) were studied in rat ileal strips. PACAP relaxed, concentration dependently, rat ileum and was 50 times more potent than the structurally related vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). The inhibitory action of PACAP was not mo...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(93)90149-b
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Since short bowel syndrome (SBS) patients face life-threatening conditions, the development of therapeutic strategies to induce intestinal adaptation has been investigated. Ghrelin, a ligand of growth hormone (GH) secretagogue-receptor that stimulates the release of GH and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2018.06.009
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Receptors for neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) have been extensively characterized in the brain. Less is known about NPY receptor subtypes in the spleen, though it is well established that NPY produces vascular contraction in this tissue. In the present study, we found an unusually high density of Y1 receptor...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(96)00228-8
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Receptor binding analysis was performed in the renal medulla from 2-month-old rats, an extrapituitary tissue containing the highest level of GHRH receptor mRNA. At 4 degrees C, in the presence of a cocktail of protease inhibitors, binding of [125I-Tyr(10)]hGHRH (1-44)NH(2) to medullary homogenates was specific, time-d...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(02)00029-3
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A variant form of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has been isolated. It was found to consist of a molecule which instead of the C-terminal asparagine amide of VIP has a C-terminal extension of Gly-Lys-Arg. This VIP variant displaces VIP in a VIP receptor assay, reacts with N-terminally-directed antisera in...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(88)90149-0
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mate attraction in Aplysia involves the long-distance water-borne protein pheromones attractin, enticin, and temptin which are released during egg-laying. Other water-borne pheromones are predicted to act in concert with attractin, enticin, and temptin, but their identities were unknown. We recently identified a highl...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2004.10.024
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intrahypothalamic injection of amylin (AMY) was shown to reduce the intake of rat chow and water for 8 and 4 h, respectively, in schedule-fed rats. Amylin also reduced water intake to a much lesser degree in 24-h water-deprived rats. A test of the ability of AMY to form a conditioned taste aversion yielded no change i...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(92)90057-a
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sparse to moderate supply of nerve fibers containing neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP-LI), substance P (SP-LI), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP-LI) was demonstrated in the walls of human middle meningeal arteries. Comparison with similar studies on human...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(92)90084-g
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Binding of [125I]PACAP-38 to rat liver membranes was investigated. It was rapid at 37 degrees C, reversible, and saturable, and it was time, concentration, and temperature dependent. Scatchard plots showed that [125I]PACAP-38 bound to single noninteracting site(s), and [125I]VIP bound to high- and low-affinity binding...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(94)90206-2
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cholecystokinin octapeptides (CCK8s) have been purified from methanol extracts of two brains from each of two Australian marsupials, Tammar Wallaby and Eastern Quoll, containing 3 nmol and 2 nmol of the peptides, respectively. Immunoreactive CCK was concentrated on QMA SepPak cartridges and purified by two successive ...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(88)90280-x
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many neuroendocrine peptides that are distributed in amphibian gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system are also found in amphibian skins, and these peptides are classified into skin-gut-brain triangle peptides, such as bombesins, gastrin-releasing peptides. Cholecystokinins (CCKs) are neuroendocrine peptides...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2007.07.006
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00