Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the evidence concerning the diagnostic yield of genetic and metabolic evaluation of children with global developmental delay or intellectual disability (GDD/ID). METHODS:Relevant literature was reviewed, abstracted, and classified according to the 4-tiered American Academy of Neurology classification of evidence scheme. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:In patients with GDD/ID, microarray testing is diagnostic on average in 7.8% (Class III), G-banded karyotyping is abnormal in at least 4% (Class II and III), and subtelomeric fluorescence in situ hybridization is positive in 3.5% (Class I, II, and III). Testing for X-linked ID genes has a yield of up to 42% in males with an appropriate family history (Class III). FMR1 testing shows full expansion in at least 2% of patients with mild to moderate GDD/ID (Class II and III), and MeCP2 testing is diagnostic in 1.5% of females with moderate to severe GDD/ID (Class III). Tests for metabolic disorders have a yield of up to 5%, and tests for congenital disorders of glycosylation and cerebral creatine disorders have yields of up to 2.8% (Class III). Several genetic and metabolic screening tests have been shown to have a better than 1% diagnostic yield in selected populations of children with GDD/ID. These values should be among the many factors considered in planning the laboratory evaluation of such children.
journal_name
Neurologyjournal_title
Neurologyauthors
Michelson DJ,Shevell MI,Sherr EH,Moeschler JB,Gropman AL,Ashwal Sdoi
10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182345896subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-10-25 00:00:00pages
1629-35issue
17eissn
0028-3878issn
1526-632Xpii
WNL.0b013e3182345896journal_volume
77pub_type
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