Abstract:
Background:Cytochrome P450 enzymes catalyze a wide range of reactions in plant metabolism. Besides their physiological functions on primary and secondary metabolites, P450s are also involved in herbicide detoxification via hydroxylation or dealkylation. Ginseng as a perennial plant offers more sustainable solutions to herbicide resistance. Methods:Tissue-specific gene expression and differentially modulated transcripts were monitored by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. As a tool to evaluate the function of PgCYP736A12, the 35S promoter was used to overexpress the gene in Arabidopsis. Protein localization was visualized using confocal microscopy by tagging the fluorescent protein. Tolerance to herbicides was analyzed by growing seeds and seedlings on Murashige and Skoog medium containing chlorotoluron. Results:The expression of PgCYP736A12 was three-fold more in leaves compared with other tissues from two-year-old ginseng plants. Transcript levels were similarly upregulated by treatment with abscisic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and NaCl, the highest being with salicylic acid. Jasmonic acid treatment did not alter the mRNA levels of PgCYP736A12. Transgenic lines displayed slightly reduced plant height and were able to tolerate the herbicide chlorotoluron. Reduced stem elongation might be correlated with increased expression of genes involved in bioconversion of gibberellin to inactive forms. PgCYP736A12 protein localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus. Conclusion:PgCYP736A12 does not respond to the well-known secondary metabolite elicitor jasmonic acid, which suggests that it may not function in ginsenoside biosynthesis. Heterologous overexpression of PgCYP736A12 reveals that this gene is actually involved in herbicide metabolism.
journal_name
J Ginseng Resjournal_title
Journal of ginseng researchauthors
Khanom S,Jang J,Lee ORdoi
10.1016/j.jgr.2019.04.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-10-01 00:00:00pages
645-653issue
4eissn
1226-8453issn
2093-4947pii
S1226-8453(18)30412-3journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章abstract:Background:Depression is a common neuropsychiatric disease that shows astrocyte pathology. Ginsenoside Rf (G-Rf) is a saponin found in Panax ginseng which has been used to treat neuropsychiatric diseases. We aimed to investigate antidepressant properties of G-Rf when introduced into the L-alpha-aminoadipic acid (L-AAA)...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2019.08.005
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Despite the large number of studies on ginseng, pharmacological activities of ginseng seed oil (GSO) have not been established. GSO is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, mostly oleic and linoleic acids. Unsaturated fatty acids are known to exert a therapeutic effect in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)....
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2017.04.010
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Compound K (CK) is a bioactive derivative of ginsenoside Rb1 in Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng). Its biological and pharmacological activities have been studied in various disease conditions, although its immunomodulatory role in innate immunity mediated by monocytes/macrophages has been poorly understood. In...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2016.06.004
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) are the two most recognized ginseng botanicals. It is believed that the ginseng saponins called ginsenosides are the major active constituents in both ginsengs. Although American ginseng is not as extensively studied as Asian ginseng, it is on...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5142/jgr.2010.34.3.160
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Panax ginseng is a well-known immune modulator, and there is concern that its immune-enhancing effects may negatively affect patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by worsening symptoms or increasing the risk of adverse effects from other drugs. In this randomized, crossover clinical trial, we evaluated the...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2017.01.006
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To investigate the effect of pectinase-treated Panax ginseng (GINST) in cellular and male subfertility animal models. METHODS:Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced mouse spermatocyte GC-2spd cells were used as an in vitro model. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay. For the in vivo study, GINST (200 mg/kg...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2015.08.005
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The mixed-cultivation of different Panax ginseng cultivars can cause adverse effects on stability of yield and quality. K-1 is a superior cultivar with good root shape and stronger disease resistance. DNA markers mined from functional genes are clearly desirable for K-1, as they may associate with major trai...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2018.07.001
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Panax ginseng is a traditional herb used for medicinal purposes in eastern Asia. P. ginseng contains various ginsenosides with pharmacological effects. In this study, floralginsenoside A (FGA), ginsenoside Rd (GRD), and ginsenoside Re (GRE) were purified from P. ginseng berry. METHODS:Chemical structures of...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2017.03.005
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we have investigated the effects of total saponin from Korean red ginseng (TSKRG) on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. TSKRG dose-dependently inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation with IC50 value of about 81.1 μg/mL. In addition, TSKRG dose-dependently decreased thrombin-elevated the leve...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5142/jgr.2013.37.176
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) is a characterized component in red ginseng widely used in Korea and China. GRh2 exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. However, its effects on Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection have not been clarifi...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2019.06.002
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Identification of the origins of Panax ginseng has been issued in Korea scientifically and economically. We describe a metabolomics approach used for discrimination and prediction of ginseng roots from different origins in Korea. The fresh ginseng roots from six ginseng cooperative associations (Gangwon, Gaeseong, Pun...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5142/jgr.2013.37.341
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) plays an anti-inflammatory role in a variety of inflammatory diseases such as gastritis, hepatitis, and colitis. However, inflammation-regulatory activity of the calyx of the P. ginseng berry has not been thoroughly evaluated. To understand whether the calyx portion of the P. g...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2017.06.003
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ginsenoside (ginseng saponin), the principal component of ginseng, is responsible for the pharmacological and biological activities of ginseng. We isolated lactic acid bacteria from Kimchi using esculin agar, to produce β-glucosidase. We focused on the bio-transformation of ginsenoside. Phylogenetic analysis was perfo...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5142/jgr.2012.36.3.291
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Minor saponins or human intestinal bacterial metabolites, such as ginsenosides Rg3, F2, Rh2, and compound K, are more pharmacologically active than major saponins, such as ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, and Rc. In this work, enzymatic hydrolysis of ginsenoside Rb1 was studied using enzyme preparations from cultured ...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2015.05.007
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) has been known to possess many ginsenosides. These ginsenosides are used for curing cardiovascular problems. The present study show the protective potential of KRG against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced myocardial dysfunction, by assessing electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, and biochemica...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2019.03.002
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The biological and pharmacological effects of BST204, a fermented ginseng extract, have been reported in various disease conditions. However, its molecular action in metabolic disease remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified the antiadipogenic activity of BST204 resulting from its inhibition o...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2018.08.002
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Radiotherapy is one of the most important modalities in cancer treatment; however, normal tissue damage is a serious concern. Drug development for the protection or reduction of normal tissue damage is therefore a clinical issue. Herein, we evaluated the protective properties of Panax ginseng Meyer and its c...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2016.02.006
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Korean red ginseng (KRG) is used worldwide as a popular traditional herbal medicine. KRG has shown beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and hypertension. Up-regulation of a cytoprotective protein, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, is considered to augment the cellular defense against ...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5142/jgr.2011.35.3.352
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transformation of ginsenoside Rb1 into a specific minor ginsenoside using Aspergillus niger KCCM 11239, as well as the identification of the transformed products and the pathway via thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography were evaluated to develop a new biologically active material. Th...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2013.11.008
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Panax ginseng Meyer has been used as a nourishing edible herb in East Asia for thousands of years. 25-OH-PPT was first discovered as a natural rare triterpenoid saponin in ginseng stems and leaves by our group. Research found that it showed strong inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phos...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2019.11.002
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Panax ginseng is one of the most commonly used medicinal herbs worldwide for a variety of therapeutic properties including neurocognitive effects. Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the most abundant active chemical constituents of this herb with known neuroprotective, anxiolytic, and cognition improving effects. Me...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2017.03.010
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Identifying suitable site for growing mountain-cultivated ginseng is a concern for ginseng producers. This study was conducted to evaluate the soil properties of cultivation sites for mountain-cultivated ginseng in Hamyang-gun, which is one of the most well-known areas for mountain-cultivated ginseng in Kore...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2014.06.004
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Panax ginseng has been used as Korean medicine for various diseases. It has antioxidant, hypotensive, sedative, analgesic, and endocrine activities. Dammarane-type triterpenes from the plant have various beneficial effects. METHODS:A dammarane-type triterpene saponin was isolated from P. ginseng root throug...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2016.10.002
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A quick and simple method for simultaneous determination of the 30 ginsenosides (ginsenoside Ro, Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, 20(S)-Rg2, 20(R)-Rg2, 20(S)-Rg3, 20(R)-Rg3, 20(S)-Rh1, 20(S)-Rh2, 20(R)-Rh2, F1, F2, F4, Ra1, Rg6, Rh4, Rk3, Rg5, Rk1, Rb3, Rk2, Rh3, compound Y, compound K, and notoginsenoside R1) in Panax ...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5142/jgr.2013.37.457
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The antioxidant effects of Panax ginseng have been reported in several articles; however, little is known about the antimelanogenesis effect, skin-protective effect, and cellular mechanism of Panax ginseng, especially of P. ginseng calyx. To understand how an ethanol extract of P. ginseng berry calyx (Pg-C-E...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2018.02.007
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ocotillol-type saponins are one kind of tetracyclic triterpenoids, sharing a tetrahydrofuran ring. Natural ocotillol-type saponins have been discovered in Panax quinquefolius L., Panax japonicus, Hana mina, and Vietnamese ginseng. In recent years, the semisynthesis of 20(S/R)-ocotillol-type saponins has been reported....
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2017.01.001
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Korean red ginseng has been shown to possess a variety of biological activities. However, little is known about antiviral activity of ginsenosides of Korean red ginseng. Here, we investigated the protective effect by oral administration of various ginsenosides on the lethal infection of haemagglutinating virus of Japa...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5142/jgr.2013.37.80
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Roles of immune reaction and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) have widely been established in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). METHODS:We evaluated the biologic efficacy of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG), urushiol, and probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052) in...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2014.04.002
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The root of Panax ginseng, a member of Araliaceae family, has been used as herbal medicine and functional food in Asia for thousands of years. According to Traditional Chinese medicine, ginseng is the most widely used "Qi-invigorating" herbs, which provides tonic and preventive effects by resisting oxidative...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2018.02.002
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the steaming process on chemical constituents, free radical scavenging activity, and antiproliferative effect of Vietnamese ginseng. METHODS:Samples of powdered Vietnamese ginseng were steamed at 120°C for various times and their extracts were subjecte...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2013.11.015
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00