Employment status, hours working, and gainful earnings after spinal cord injury: relationship with pain, prescription medications for pain, and nonprescription opioid use.

Abstract:

STUDY DESIGN:Cross-sectional self-report assessment. Econometric modeling. OBJECTIVES:Identify the relationship of multiple pain indicators, prescription pain medication, nonprescription opioid use, and multiple indicators of quality employment among those with spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING:Data were collected at a medical university in the Southeastern United States (US). METHODS:Participants included 4670 adults with traumatic SCI of at least one-year duration who were enrolled in a study of health and longevity. They were identified from three sources including a specialty hospital and two population-based state SCI surveillance systems. Econometric modeling was used for three outcome variables: employment status, hours per week spent working, and earnings. RESULTS:Several pain parameters were significantly related to multiple employment outcomes. Prescription medication to treat pain was associated with lower odds of employment, fewer hours working, and lower conditional earnings. Nonprescription opioid use was only related to fewer hours working. Painful days, number of painful conditions, and pain intensity were all related to employment outcomes, but the pattern varied by outcome. The number of painful conditions was most consistently related to employment. Multiple demographic, injury, and educational factors were related to employment, with better outcomes among those with less severe SCI and greater educational achievements. CONCLUSIONS:The presence of significant pain and use of either prescription pain medications or the use of nonprescription opioids may have a significant adverse effect on both the probability of employment and quality of employment. Rehabilitation and vocational professionals should routinely assess pain and associated medications in vocational and career planning.

journal_name

Spinal Cord

journal_title

Spinal cord

authors

Krause JS,Dismuke-Greer CE,Reed KS,Li C

doi

10.1038/s41393-019-0374-1

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-03-01 00:00:00

pages

275-283

issue

3

eissn

1362-4393

issn

1476-5624

pii

10.1038/s41393-019-0374-1

journal_volume

58

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Clinical features and surgical outcomes of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in patients of different ages: a retrospective study.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:Retrospective chart audit. OBJECTIVES:This study aims to compare the clinical features and surgical outcomes in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) among different age groups. SETTING:The first Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China. METHODS:A total of 460 patients with C...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sc.2017.91

    authors: Zhang RJ,Shen CL,Zhang JX,Zhang XJ,Dong FL,Tao H,Song PW,Ge P,Xu P,Zhang HQ

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • The International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury: reliability of data when applied to children and youths.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:Intra-rater reliability study, cross-sectional design. OBJECTIVES:To determine reliability of the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISCSCI) motor and sensory exam in children. SETTING:Nonprofit pediatric hospital. METHODS:In all, 74 subjects had two trials of...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101987

    authors: Mulcahey MJ,Gaughan J,Betz RR,Johansen KJ

    更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00

  • A pilot study of a telehealth intervention for persons with spinal cord dysfunction.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:Single-blind randomized controlled trial of 6 months' duration. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the efficacy of a novel telehealth intervention, 'CareCall', on reducing pressure ulcers and depression and enhancing the use of appropriate health care. SETTING:General community, Massachusetts and Connecticut, United...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1038/sc.2013.45

    authors: Houlihan BV,Jette A,Friedman RH,Paasche-Orlow M,Ni P,Wierbicky J,Williams K,Ducharme S,Zazula J,Cuevas P,Rosenblum D,Williams S

    更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00

  • Investigating comparability of quantitative computed tomography with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in assessing bone mineral density of patients with chronic spinal cord injury.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:Psychometric study using retrospectively collected data. OBJECTIVES:We investigated the comparability of quantitative computed tomography (qCT) in assessing bone mineral density (BMD) with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We evaluated how well previously suggested normal values for spinal Hounsfiel...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/s41393-017-0041-3

    authors: Haghighat Khah HR,Moradi N,Taheri T,Sanei Taheri M,Rayegani SM

    更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00

  • Differentiation between pain-related interference and interference caused by the functional impairments of spinal cord injury.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:Face-to-face interview. OBJECTIVES:Pain interference is an important outcome measure in clinical pain trials. However, after spinal cord injury (SCI), interference caused by pain may be difficult to separate from interference caused by the physical impairment. The objective of this study was to determine ...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sc.2008.150

    authors: Cruz-Almeida Y,Alameda G,Widerström-Noga EG

    更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00

  • Increased intracranial pressure in myelomeningocele (MMC) patients never shunted: results of a prospective preliminary study.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:In some young adults non-shunted myelomeningocele (MMC) patients without symptoms or with unspecific clinical findings, moderate or severe stabilised ventriculomegaly are observed in control CT scans. Physicians are then faced with the so-called 'Arrested Hydrocephalus' (AH) syndrome. The present study is ...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101032

    authors: Iborra J,Pagès E,Cuxart A,Poca A,Sahuquillo J

    更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00

  • Management of bowel dysfunction in the community after spinal cord injury: a postal survey in the Republic of Korea.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:A cross-sectional postal survey. OBJECTIVES:To describe defecation stimulation methods and their outcomes, and to investigate the impact of bowel dysfunction on the quality of life (QoL) in community-dwelling persons with spinal cord injury in South Korea. SETTING:Community-based, Korea. METHODS:A cross...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sc.2011.124

    authors: Kim JY,Koh ES,Leigh J,Shin HI

    更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00

  • Patient participation in care and rehabilitation from the perspective of patients with spinal cord injury.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:Qualitative method, semi-structured interviews. OBJECTIVES:The aim of the study was to explore the meaning of patient participation in care and rehabilitation from the perspective of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING:Post discharge community setting. METHODS:Semi-structured interviews were...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sc.2013.97

    authors: Lindberg J,Kreuter M,Taft C,Person LO

    更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00

  • Sexual health outcome measures for individuals with a spinal cord injury: a systematic review.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:A systematic review of all sexual health outcome measures reporting psychometric properties for a spinal cord injury (SCI) population. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the psychometric evidence for sexual health outcome measures used in a SCI population in order to (1) determine the clinical relevance of current to...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3102136

    authors: Abramson CE,McBride KE,Konnyu KJ,Elliott SL,SCIRE Research Team.

    更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00

  • The childbearing experience of women with spinal cord injury in Iran: a phenomenological study.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:This was a qualitative study conducted using an interpretative phenomenological approach. OBJECTIVES:This study investigated the experience of pregnancy and childbirth in women with spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING:Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehr...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/s41393-018-0162-3

    authors: Khazaeipour Z,Nikbakht-Nasrabadi A,Mohammadi N,Salehi-Nejad A,Shabany M

    更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00

  • Bladder emptying over a period of 10-45 years after a traumatic spinal cord injury.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:Epidemiological follow-up study. OBJECTIVE:To examine the bladder-emptying methods at least 10 years after a traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING:Clinic for Para- and Tetraplegia and Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark. METHODS:Retrospective data collect...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101637

    authors: Hansen RB,Biering-Sørensen F,Kristensen JK

    更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00

  • Conservative treatment of the neuropathic bladder in spinal cord injured patients.

    abstract::Different conservative treatment modalities for the lower urinary tract dysfunction in patients with spinal cord lesion are reviewed. Conservative treatment is still the mainstay of the urological management in these patients. Growing experience has changed the classical approach. Spontaneous voiding with and without ...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101160

    authors: Wyndaele JJ,Madersbacher H,Kovindha A

    更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00

  • Autologous incubated macrophage therapy in acute, complete spinal cord injury: results of the phase 2 randomized controlled multicenter trial.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:Randomized controlled trial with single-blinded primary outcome assessment. OBJECTIVES:To determine the efficacy and safety of autologous incubated macrophage treatment for improving neurological outcome in patients with acute, complete spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING:Six SCI treatment centers in the U...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1038/sc.2012.39

    authors: Lammertse DP,Jones LA,Charlifue SB,Kirshblum SC,Apple DF,Ragnarsson KT,Falci SP,Heary RF,Choudhri TF,Jenkins AL,Betz RR,Poonian D,Cuthbert JP,Jha A,Snyder DA,Knoller N

    更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00

  • Vitamin D, diet, and lifestyle in a chronic SCI population.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVES:Determine dietary, lifestyle, and clinical factors associated with plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in persons with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING:Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Boston, MA. METHODS:174 participants completed food frequency and ...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/s41393-018-0148-1

    authors: Koutrakis NE,Goldstein RL,Walia P,Polak MM,Lazzari AA,Tun CG,Hart JE,Garshick E

    更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00

  • Unilateral cervical facet fracture: presentation of two cases and literature review.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:Two patients with diagnosis of unilateral cervical facet fracture due to motor vehicle accident (MVA) are presented, and the literature is reviewed. OBJECTIVE:To discuss the diagnostic difficulties and management strategies in two patients with post-traumatic cervical facet fracture. SETTING:Department o...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101623

    authors: Kalayci M,Cağavi F,Açikgöz B

    更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00

  • Holocord myelopathy with thoracic stenosis: case report and hypothesis.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:Case report OBJECTIVE:To examine the resolution of holocord myelopathy based on the hypothesis of altered cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. SETTING:Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. METHOD:We describe a case of thoracic stenosis with holocord myelopathy, which suggests an alternative m...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101522

    authors: Kim CH,Chung CK,Kwon BJ,Kim HJ

    更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00

  • The feasibility of using auto-titrating continuous positive airway pressure to treat obstructive sleep apnoea after acute tetraplegia.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:A prospective cohort with acute tetraplegia. OBJECTIVES:Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is common within weeks of tetraplegia. This study aimed at determining the feasibility of auto-titrating continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to treat OSA after acute tetraplegia. SETTING:The Victorian Spinal Cor...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sc.2009.56

    authors: Berlowitz DJ,Spong J,Pierce RJ,Ross J,Barnes M,Brown DJ

    更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00

  • Robot-assisted task-oriented upper extremity skill training in cervical spinal cord injury: a feasibility study.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:Prospective multiple case study. OBJECTIVES:To test (1) the feasibility of haptic robot technology (Haptic Master (HM)) use to improve arm-hand function (AHF) and arm-hand skill performance (AHSP) in persons with a cervical spinal cord injury (C-SCI), (2) inventory participants' motivation and expectation...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sc.2014.250

    authors: Vanmulken DA,Spooren AI,Bongers HM,Seelen HA

    更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00

  • Cavernous angioma of the conus medullaris as a cause of paraplegia.

    abstract::Cavernous angiomas of the conus medullaris are unusual lesions, representing about 3% of all intramedullary cavernomas. Most are asymptomatic. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best diagnostic tool for the detection. We report a case of a 74-year-old man who initially developed low back pain and numbness of the ...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3100716

    authors: Hernández D,Moraleda S,Royo A,Martinez M,Garcia J,Vazquez MJ

    更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00

  • Feasibility of predicting improvements in motor function following SCI using the SCAR outcome measure: a retrospective study.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:A retrospective study. OBJECTIVES:To assess improvement in volitional motor function after SCI, using The Spinal Cord Ability Ruler (SCAR) as a metric and investigate participant characteristics and recovery of motor functioning. SETTING:A highly-specialized SCI rehabilitation unit (Spinal Cord Injury Ce...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/s41393-019-0307-z

    authors: Bach Jønsson A,Møller Thygesen M,Krogh S,Kasch H

    更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00

  • Neurogenic bowel dysfunction score.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:Cross-sectional questionnaire study. OBJECTIVES:To develop and validate a symptom-based score for neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD): NBD score. SETTING:University Hospital of Aarhus, Denmark. METHODS:A questionnaire including questions about background parameters (n=8), faecal incontinence (n=10), cons...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101887

    authors: Krogh K,Christensen P,Sabroe S,Laurberg S

    更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00

  • The impact of spinal cord injury on sexual function: concerns of the general population.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:Secure, web-based survey. OBJECTIVES:Obtain information from the spinal cord injured (SCI) population regarding sexual dysfunctions, with the aim of developing new basic science and clinical research and eventual therapies targeting these issues. SETTING:Worldwide web. METHODS:Individuals 18 years or ol...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101977

    authors: Anderson KD,Borisoff JF,Johnson RD,Stiens SA,Elliott SL

    更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00

  • Brain activation in the chronic phase of traumatic spinal cord injury.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:Cross-sectional clinical study. OBJECTIVES:Plastic changes within cortical areas occur after traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI). The aim of the study was to assess cortical activation in the chronic phase of TSCI using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). SETTING:Tartu University Hospital, Tart...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sc.2015.158

    authors: Sabre L,Tomberg T,Kõrv J,Kepler J,Kepler K,Linnamägi Ü,Asser T

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Reliability of non-invasive cardiac output measurement in individuals with tetraplegia.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:The study is conducted on the basis of comparative-repeated measures. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study is to assess the reliability of non-invasive cardiac output (CO) measurements in individuals with tetraplegia (TP) at rest and during exercise using Innocor, and to test the hypothesis that CO meas...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1038/sc.2010.173

    authors: Hostettler S,Brechbühl J,Leuthold L,Mueller G,Illi SK,Spengler CM

    更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00

  • Endoscopic management of urethral trauma in male spinal cord injury patients.

    abstract::Spinal cord injury (SCI) patients with a neuropathic bladder are more prone to develop catheter-induced urethral trauma than occurs in the general population because many of the SCI patients are on indwelling urethral catheter drainage, or intermittent urethral catheterisation is performed either by them or by their c...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sc.1996.117

    authors: Vaidyanathan S,Krishnan KR,Soni BM

    更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00

  • The 'human tail' causing tethered cervical cord.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:Human tails continue to elicit curiosity till the present times. A unique case of human cervical dysraphism is described. OBJECTIVES:In addition to the cosmetic stigma, these cutaneous markers provide a lead to reach the underlying spinal dysraphic states. SETTING:Plains of North India. METHODS:A case o...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101988

    authors: Mohindra S

    更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison of estimated energy requirements using predictive equations with total energy expenditure measured by the doubly labelled water method in acute spinal cord injury.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:Prospective, observational OBJECTIVES: To evaluate agreement between a reference method (doubly labelled water, DLW) of total energy expenditure (TEE) and published equations for estimating energy requirements in acute spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING:Victoria, Australia METHODS: Twenty participants (18 ...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/s41393-019-0253-9

    authors: Desneves KJ,Panisset MG,Rafferty J,Rodi H,Ward LC,Nunn A,Galea MP

    更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00

  • Adenosine A1 receptor agonists reduce hyperalgesia after spinal cord injury in rats.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:An in vivo study using a spinal cord compression model in rats. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effect of adenosine on thermal hyperalgesia after spinal cord injury (SCI). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA:After SCI, some patients suffer dysesthesia that is unresponsive to conventional treatments. We previously esta...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sc.2009.194

    authors: Horiuchi H,Ogata T,Morino T,Yamamoto H

    更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00

  • Modified Ashworth scale and spasm frequency score in spinal cord injury: reliability and correlation.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:Intra- and inter-rater reliability study. OBJECTIVES:To assess intra- and inter-rater reliability of the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and Spasm Frequency Score (SFS) in lower extremities in a population of spinal cord-injured persons, as well as correlations between the two scales. SETTING:Clinic for Sp...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sc.2015.230

    authors: Baunsgaard CB,Nissen UV,Christensen KB,Biering-Sørensen F

    更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00

  • Are adults with spinal cord injury meeting the spinal cord injury-specific physical activity guidelines? A look at a sample from a Canadian province.

    abstract:STUDY DESIGN:One cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVES:To examine the extent to which a sample of adults with spinal cord injury (SCI) meet the SCI-specific physical activity guidelines and to identify potential demographic, injury and motivational characteristics related to participation. SETTING:Quebec, Canada. METHOD...

    journal_title:Spinal cord

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sc.2016.181

    authors: Rocchi M,Routhier F,Latimer-Cheung AE,Ginis KAM,Noreau L,Sweet SN

    更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00