Abstract:
:Glucagon and its partner insulin are dually linked in both their secretion from islet cells and their action in the liver. Glucagon signaling increases hepatic glucose output, and hyperglucagonemia is partly responsible for the hyperglycemia in diabetes, making glucagon an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Interrupting glucagon signaling lowers blood glucose but also results in hyperglucagonemia and α-cell hyperplasia. Investigation of the mechanism for α-cell proliferation led to the description of a conserved liver-α-cell axis where glucagon is a critical regulator of amino acid homeostasis. In return, amino acids regulate α-cell function and proliferation. New evidence suggests that dysfunction of the axis in humans may result in the hyperglucagonemia observed in diabetes. This discussion outlines important but often overlooked roles for glucagon that extend beyond glycemia and supports a new role for α-cells as amino acid sensors.
journal_name
Diabetesjournal_title
Diabetesauthors
Dean EDdoi
10.2337/dbi19-0021subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-04-01 00:00:00pages
542-549issue
4eissn
0012-1797issn
1939-327Xpii
dbi19-0021journal_volume
69pub_type
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