Abstract:
:Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) provides financial compensation to land owners who avoid converting standing forests to other land uses. In this paper, we review the main opportunities and challenges for REDD+ implementation, including expectations for REDD+ to deliver on multiple environmental and societal cobenefits. We also highlight a recent case study, the Norway-Indonesia REDD+ agreement and discuss how it might be a harbinger of outcomes in other forest-rich nations seeking REDD+ funds. Looking forward, we critically examine the fundamental assumptions of REDD+ as a solution for the atmospheric buildup of greenhouse gas emissions and tropical deforestation. We conclude that REDD+ is currently the most promising mechanism driving the conservation of tropical forests. Yet, to emerge as a true game changer, REDD+ must still demonstrate that it can access low transaction cost and high-volume carbon markets or funds, while also providing or complimenting a suite of nonmonetary incentives to encourage a developing nation's transition from forest losing to forest gaining, and align with, not undermine, a globally cohesive attempt to mitigate anthropogenic climate change.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Venter O,Koh LPdoi
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06306.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-02-01 00:00:00pages
137-50eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
1249pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Nerve agents (NAs) produce acute and long-term brain injury and dysfunction, as evident from the Japan and Syria incidents. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a versatile technique to examine such chronic anatomical, functional, and neuronal damage in the brain. The objective of this study was to investigate long-ter...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/nyas.14431
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A nonparametric method, isotonic regression, is proposed for analyzing a dose-response relationship and for assessing a threshold value. There are several advantages of this method compared to parametric models. No specific form of the relationship (type of model and use of the covariates) is required. The only assump...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08088.x
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Smaller, more charge-intensive electrodes are needed for "safe" stimulation of the nervous system. In this paper we review critical concepts and the state of the art in electrodes. Control of charge density and charge balance are essential to avoid tissue electrolysis. Chemical criteria for "safe" stimulation are revi...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1983.tb31628.x
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to quantify the changes in cell membrane conductance in response to electropermeabilization, which may elucidate the mechanisms of tissue injury resulting from high-voltage electrical shock. A high-speed, space-clamp and voltage-clamp experimental configuration was used. The pulse paramet...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10154.x
更新日期:1998-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::Access to experimental X-ray diffraction image data is important for validation and reproduction of macromolecular models and indispensable for the development of structural biology processing methods. In response to the evolving needs of the structural biology community, we recently established a diffraction data pub...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.13272
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Investigations of the I-Ek-restricted, cytochrome c-specific T-cell response in mice show that both T-cell receptor V alpha and V beta CDR3 residues and the use of particular V alpha s and V beta s are necessary for recognition. Data strongly suggest that specific CDR3 residues are important in contacting the peptide....
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44477.x
更新日期:1995-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::Tight junctions of epithelial and endothelial cells form selective barriers that regulate paracellular transport of solutes, immune cells, and drugs. Tight junctions consist of proteins that physically "seal" the tight junction but also form channels that allow for permeation between the cells, resulting in epithelial...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type:
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04925.x
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Membrane phospholipid metabolism is abnormal in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine levels are decreased as are choline and ethanolamine, while glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and glycerophosphoethanolamine are increased. To develop a rat model for these changes, we examined th...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb23060.x
更新日期:1993-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells can be separated from cells which provided radioprotection (short-term repopulating cells) on the basis of size. This might be a result of the quiescent nature of long-term repopulating cells. To define the activity of these populations we utilized a dye, PKH26, which in...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08452.x
更新日期:1999-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::In adult Lurcher mice virtually all cerebellar Purkinje cells have degenerated as a direct consequence of mutant gene action, providing a natural model for studying the effect of cerebellar cortical lesions on the generation of compensatory eye movements. Lurcher mice possess both optokinetic (OKR) and vestibular (VOR...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb07584.x
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents a video-based eye-tracking method, ideally deployed via a mobile device or laptop-based webcam, as a tool for measuring brain function. Eye movements and pupillary motility are tightly regulated by brain circuits, are subtly perturbed by many disease states, and are measurable using video-based met...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/nyas.13305
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Starling's law and the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) reflect the effect of sarcomere length (SL) on the development of stress (sigma) and shortening by myocytes in the uniform ventricle. We show here that tetanic contractions of rat cardiac trabeculae exhibit a sigma-SL relationship at saturating [...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1420.010
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this chapter, we examine the possibility that negative emotions contribute to the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health. A model of the associations among SES, emotion, and health is presented first. We then review the evidence for this model, showing associations of SES with depression, hopele...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08118.x
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac muscle relies highly on aerobic metabolism. Heart muscle has a high oxygen uptake at resting conditions, which increases many fold during exhaustive physical exercise. Such a high rate of oxidative metabolism is often associated with enhanced production of reactive oxygen metabolites. A single bout of strenuou...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09234.x
更新日期:1999-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::We have heard a wide-ranging set of talks on cosmology and high energy astrophysics at this conference. All I can really do in this short talk is to present my subjective impression of an arbitrary selection of highlights. ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb43915.x
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A brief overview is presented of recently developed and currently emerging statistical and computational techniques that have been proved to be highly helpful in handling the avalanche of the new type of data generated by modern high-throughput technologies in experimental biology. The review, in no way comprehensive,...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1310.004
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our studies have indicated that normal human placental cytosol contains a complex mixture of nucleoside kinase enzymes, some of which conform to previously characterized activities. Deoxyadenosine is phosphorylated by deoxycytidine kinase, adenosine kinase, and two as yet uncharacterized activities. Deoxyguanosine pho...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb27095.x
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Like many other transcription factors, the tumor suppressor protein p53 is bound to the nuclear matrix (NM). To study the interaction of p53 with the NM in more detail, we used alkaline and acidic extractions of NM proteins. It was found that there are two forms of p53, alkali- and acid-soluble, in NM of HEK293 cells ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1378.019
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental evidence confirms that the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a fundamental role in a wide variety of pathologic conditions that involve connective tissue destruction including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, tumor metastasis and angiogenesis, corneal ulceration, multiple sclerosis, periodonta...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07674.x
更新日期:1999-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Two major methodological problems that impact clinical research in endometriosis are the absence of a low-cost, highly reliable method for diagnosing endometriosis and the possibility that endometriosis is actually multiple different diseases that we have not yet been able to differentiate. Animal models of endometrio...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02762.x
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::(a) The PR elicited by excitotoxic destruction of intrinsic neurons in the CN has a rapid onset, peaks within 2 weeks, and persists indefinitely; (b) the majority of the proliferating cells are not intrinsic to the CNS but are of hematic origin; (c) a small mirror-image response is seen in the contralateral CN; (d) th...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb27119.x
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders that cause individuals to be prone to a variety of clinical manifestations, such as infections, autoimmunity, and malignancies. Early diagnosis and adequate treatment of these disorders can reduce morbidity and mortality and prov...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06239.x
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have been interested in the consequences of foreign DNA insertion into established mammalian genomes and have initially studied this problem in adenovirus type 12 (Ad12)-transformed cells or in Ad12-induced hamster tumors. Since integrates are frequently methylated de novo, it appears that they might be modified by...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03896.x
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Social behavior in most human societies is characterized by the following of moral rules explicitly justified by religious belief systems. These systems constitute the diverse domain of human sacred values. Supernatural entities as founders or warranty of moral principles may be seen as a form of "conversation stopper...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04603.x
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::MRI is a robust technology that allows for superior contrast of muscles, tissues, and bones within the body, which enables visualization of soft tissue pathology that cannot be seen with CT or plain film radiography. In order to appreciate the subtle (and sometimes not so subtle) intricacies of MRI, one must have a ba...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04393.x
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although Lyme disease (LD) is the most common tick-borne disease in the United States, little is known about the frequency of and risk factors for infection with Borrelia burgdorferi in occupational groups. In 1986, we recruited primarily outdoor workers from six employee groups in southeastern New York where LD is en...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb31863.x
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Na,K-ATPase is composed of two subunits, alpha and beta, and each subunit consists of multiple isoforms. In the case of alpha, four isoforms, alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, and alpha4 are present in mammalian cells. The distribution of these isoforms is tissue- and developmental-specific, suggesting that they may play sp...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07214.x
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The central nervous system (CNS) plays a vital role in regulating energy balance and metabolism. Over the last 50 years, studies in animal models have allowed us to identify critical CNS regions involved in these processes and even crucial cell populations. Now, techniques for genetically and anatomically targeted man...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.13468
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monoclonal antibodies reactive with desmin (D3 and D76) have been generated and their specificities validated by immunoblots, RIAs, and immunocytochemistry. No cross-reaction with other IFPs has been observed. The McAbs recognized different epitopes but both reside in the amino-terminal rod domain of desmin. Whereas M...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb50411.x
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heparins represent an efficient treatment of acute thrombosis and obstetric complications in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Enhanced microvesiculation of cell membranes, as detected by reduced membrane adhesion, can contribute to hypercoagulability in APS. Healthy donor IgG antibodies significantly increased beta2-g...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04745.x
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00