Abstract:
:Triclosan (TCS) is a common constituent of personal care products and is frequently present in biosolids. Application of biosolids to land transfers significant amounts of TCS to soils. Because TCS is an antimicrobial and is toxic to some aquatic organisms, concern has arisen that TCS may adversely affect soil organisms. The objective of the present study was to investigate the toxicity and bioaccumulation potential of biosolids-borne TCS in terrestrial micro- and macro-organisms (earthworms). Studies were conducted in two biosolids-amended soils (sand, silty clay loam), following U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) guidelines. At the concentrations tested herein, microbial toxicity tests suggested no adverse effects of TCS on microbial respiration, ammonification, and nitrification. The no observed effect concentration for TCS for microbial processes was 10 mg/kg soil. Earthworm subchronic toxicity tests showed that biosolids-borne TCS was not toxic to earthworms at the concentrations tested herein. The estimated TCS earthworm lethal concentration (LC50) was greater than 1 mg/kg soil. Greater TCS accumulation was observed in earthworms incubated in a silty clay loam soil (bioaccumulation factor [BAF] = 12 ± 3.1) than in a sand (BAF = 6.5 ± 0.84). Field-collected earthworms had a significantly smaller BAF value (4.3 ± 0.7) than our laboratory values (6.5-12.0). The BAF values varied significantly with exposure conditions (e.g., soil characteristics, laboratory vs field conditions); however, a value of 10 represents a reasonable first approximation for risk assessment purposes.
journal_name
Environ Toxicol Chemjournal_title
Environmental toxicology and chemistryauthors
Pannu MW,O'Connor GA,Toor GSdoi
10.1002/etc.1721subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-03-01 00:00:00pages
646-53issue
3eissn
0730-7268issn
1552-8618journal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Inorganic fluorides were declared toxic under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act in 1993 based on their potential to cause long-term harmful effects in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, but information on the toxicity of sediment-associated fluoride to freshwater benthic organisms was considered incomplete. T...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are few studies on nanoplastic that propose quantification of the amount ingested combined with evaluation of the toxic effects on aquatic organisms. We propose 2 methods to quantify the amount of polystyrene nanoplastic (PSNP) ingested by Daphnia magna: fluorescence intensity, where a fluorescent monomer (F) is...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4528
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many habitats may be exposed to multiple chemical contaminants, particularly in agricultural areas where fertilizer and pesticide use are common; however, the singular and interactive effects of contaminants are not well understood. The objective of our study was to examine how realistic, sublethal environmental level...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/04-319r.1
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A field monitoring campaign investigating the suitability of (Cd, Zn)-metallothionein concentrations (MTs) in different tissues of the gudgeon as a biomarker for metal contamination in the aquatic environment was conducted. Gudgeons were captured at 10 sampling sites on a river system in Flanders (Belgium). Nine sampl...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently we showed that tetracyclines tend to persist and may accumulate in sandy soils after repeated fertilizations with liquid manure. We continued these field investigations from 2001 to 2003 and observed no further accumulation of tetracyclines in soil, but found that the average tetracycline concentration remain...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/04-182r.1
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sedimentation of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) has been studied mainly in artificial media and stagnant systems mimicking natural waters. This neglects the role of turbulence and heteroaggregation with sediment. The authors studied the apparent sedimentation rates of selected ENPs (cerium dioxide [CeO2 ], polyvinylp...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.2611
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Organic compounds in sediments are known to distribute between rapid, slowly, and very slowly desorbing sites. This distribution is relevant to bioavailability and risk assessment of organic compounds in sediment. In this study, the fraction desorbing to Tenax in 6 h was measured for a range of organic compounds in se...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The estrogenic activity of the effluent from three municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Nanjing, China, was investigated. The water samples were enriched by solid-phase extraction and then eluted with different polar solvents, which gave 11 fractionated extracts. Chemical analysis and a vitellogenin (Vtg) ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.155
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Populations of Cascades frogs (Rana cascadae) have declined precipitously in the Mount Lassen area, but remain abundant in the other half of their California range in the Klamath Mountains. To evaluate the role of contaminants in Cascade frog declines, we sampled sediment and frog tadpole tissue at 31 sites where Casc...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.1902
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An original species-selection method for the building of test batteries is presented. This method is based on the statistical analysis of the biological and ecological trait patterns of species. It has been applied to build a macroinvertebrate test battery for the assessment of sediment toxicity, which efficiently des...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/04-559r.1
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigates reproductive impairment and biochemical changes in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) exposed for 39 d to varying concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) under microcosm conditions. While the concentrations tested in this study were much higher than those normally found in the environ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-190
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Halogenated derivatives of nonylphenol and of its alkylates are generated during drinking water disinfection and treatment procedures. In this paper we analyze the potential of these compounds to interact with the estrogen receptor and to activate hormone-regulated gene promoters. We used the recombinant yeast assay (...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-141
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methylmercury is a globally distributed neurotoxin, endocrine disruptor, and teratogen, the effects of which on wildlife at environmentally relevant levels are largely unknown. In birds, foraging efficiency and learning may be sensitive endpoints for sublethal methylmercury toxicity, and these endpoints also may be bi...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/07-466
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::On the quantitative comparison of solubilities or vapor pressures of homologous series, the variation in the effect of crystal structure on solid properties may substantially influence the outcome of the comparison. Usually, the effect of this variation is eliminated by comparing values of the liquid state. The ratio ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/06-083r.1
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural organic matter (NOM) can interact with engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in the environment and modify their behavior and toxicity to organisms. In the present study, the phytotoxicity of copper oxide (CuO) NPs to rice seedlings in the presence of humic acid as a model NOM was investigated. The results showed tha...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.3016
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and water composition on the toxicity of copper to juvenile freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) were evaluated in natural and reconstituted waters. Acute 96-h copper toxicity tests werec onducted at four nominal DOC concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/08-655.1
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A theoretical analysis was performed to examine the role of naphthalene dioxygenase (NDO) enzymes in determining differences in biodegradability and biodegradation rates of two- to four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) via oxygenation and desaturation reactions. Investigation of the thermodynamics of PAH b...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/05-311r.1
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recently reported quantification of the atmospheric sampling artifact for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was applied to existing gas and particle concentration measurements. Specifically, gas phase concentrations were increased by a factor of 3.5 and particle-bound concentrations by a factor of 0.1. The correlation...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.1932
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally assumed that as long as the majority of species experiences no direct adverse effects attributable to a single substance (i.e., potentially affected fraction [PAF] <5%), no significant structural or functional effects at the community level are expected to occur. Whether this assumption holds for mixed...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4185
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed on four diets containing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for 30 weeks. Lipid-normalized concentrations showed that all congeners were equally partitioned between whole-fish and fillet sam...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-367
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deposit-feeders may be important in facilitating the removal of organic contaminants from bulk sediment. The relationship between uptake route (water vs sediment), depuration and toxicity was investigated in the deposit-feeding polychaete Capitella species I. Individual worms were exposed either to dissolved (i.e., < ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-271
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Demographic methods can translate toxicant effects on individuals into consequences for populations. To date few such studies have been conducted with longer-lived invertebrates. This is because full life-cycle experiments are difficult with such species. Here we report the effects of copper and cadmium on the key dem...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is global concern regarding the fate and effects of microplastics in the environment, particularly in aquatic systems. In the present study, ethylene acrylic acid copolymer particles were evaluated in a chronic toxicity study with the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna. The study design included a natural partic...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4745
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Freshwater mussels are among the most sensitive aquatic organisms to many contaminants and have complex life-cycles that include several distinct life stages with unique contaminant exposure pathways. Standard acute (24-96 h) and chronic (28 d) toxicity tests with free larva (glochidia) and juvenile mussels are effect...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.1866
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microplastic particles have been observed in the environment and routinely detected in the stomachs and intestines of aquatic organisms over the last 50 yr. In the present review, information on the ingestion of plastic debris of varying sizes is collated, including data for >800 species representing approximately 87 ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/etc.4718
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mercury contamination in wetland biota is often dynamic, difficult to predict, and costly to track. In this paper, we present results from a six-year study of growing feathers of piscivorous birds as monitors of wetland Hg exposure in Florida, USA, wetlands. Between 1994 and 2000, we collected feathers of growing grea...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the utility of gene-transcriptional responses in the liver of mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis), a species introduced to many countries and therefore widely available, for detecting endocrine-disrupting activity in water. Exposure to β-naphthoflavone, an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist, significantl...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.669
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted acute lethality tests with white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and Ceriodaphnia dubia exposed to copper and zinc at dissolved organic carbon concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 5.5 mg/L. Dissolved organic carbon had minimal effects on zinc toxicity but did have a protective effect on acute copper toxi...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4592
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro metabolic stability assays using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) isolated hepatocytes (RT-HEP) or hepatic S9 fractions (RT-S9) were introduced to provide biotransformation rate data for the assessment of chemical bioaccumulation in fish. The present study explored the suitability of the RT-HEP and RT-S9 a...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4872
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Physical impacts of diluted bitumen (dilbit) and the application of surface washing agents (SWAs) in freshwater have not been characterized for aquatic invertebrates. These compounds are known to reduce surface tension in feather and fur microstructures of birds and mammals, and thus likely to affect buoyancy of surfa...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4976
更新日期:2020-12-28 00:00:00