Abstract:
:Adolescence is a period of dramatic neural reorganization creating a period of vulnerability and the possibility for the development of psychopathology. The maturation of various neural circuits during adolescence depends, to a large degree, on one's experiences both physical and psychosocial. This occurs through a process of plasticity which is the structural and functional adaptation of the nervous system in response to environmental demands, physiological changes and experiences. During adolescence, this adaptation proceeds upon a backdrop of structural and functional alterations imparted by genetic and epigenetic factors and experiences both prior to birth and during the postnatal period. Plasticity entails an altering of connections between neurons through long-term potentiation (LTP) (which alters synaptic efficiency), synaptogenesis, axonal sprouting, dendritic remodeling, neurogenesis and recruitment (Skaper et al., 2017). Although most empirical evidence for plasticity derives from studies of the sensory systems, recent studies have suggested that during adolescence, social, emotional, and cognitive experiences alter the structure and function of the networks subserving these domains of behavior. Each of these neural networks exhibits heightened vulnerability to experience-dependent plasticity during the sensitive periods which occur in different circuits and different brain regions at specific periods of development. This report will summarize some examples of adaptation which occur during adolescence and some evidence that the adolescent brain responds differently to stimuli compared to adults and children. This symposium, "Experience during adolescence shapes brain development: from synapses and networks to normal and pathological behavior" occurred during the Developmental Neurotoxicology Society/Teratology Society Annual Meeting in Clearwater Florida, June 2018. The sections will describe the maturation of the brain during adolescence as studied using imaging technologies, illustrate how plasticity shapes the structure of the brain using examples of pathological conditions such as Tourette's' syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and a review of the key molecular systems involved in this plasticity and how some commonly abused substances alter brain development. The role of stimulants used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the plasticity of the reward circuit is then described. Lastly, clinical data promoting an understanding of peer-influences on risky behavior in adolescents provides evidence for the complexity of the roles that peers play in decision making, a phenomenon different from that in the adult. Imaging studies have revealed that activation of the social network by the presence of peers at times of decision making is unique in the adolescent. Since normal brain development relies on experiences which alter the functional and structural connections between cells within circuits and networks to ultimately alter behavior, readers can be made aware of the myriad of ways normal developmental processes can be hijacked. The vulnerability of developing adolescent brain places the adolescent at risk for the development of a life time of abnormal behaviors and mental disorders.
journal_name
Neurotoxicol Teratoljournal_title
Neurotoxicology and teratologyauthors
Dow-Edwards D,MacMaster FP,Peterson BS,Niesink R,Andersen S,Braams BRdoi
10.1016/j.ntt.2019.106834subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-01-01 00:00:00pages
106834eissn
0892-0362issn
1872-9738pii
S0892-0362(19)30019-4journal_volume
76pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The effect of inhalation exposure to toluene (3700 mg/m3, 1000 ppm, 21 h/day, 5 days/week, during 4 weeks) on male Sprague-Dawley rats was tested. A wide range of test situations was used, including an operant test with baseline performance and extinction, motor coordination, and exploratory activity. All tests were m...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
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doi:10.1016/0892-0362(91)90052-x
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abstract::While the toxic effects of lead have been recognized for millennia, it has remained a significant public health concern due to its continued use and toxicological potential. Of particular interest is the increased susceptibility of young children to the toxic effects of lead. Although the exact mechanism(s) for lead t...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
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abstract::Using a timed-breeding protocol, one group of female rhesus monkeys was implanted subcutaneously with osmotic minipumps containing 0.3 mg/kg/h cocaine (N=18) or saline (N=18) from day 24 postconception through gestation. Another group received cocaine (N=12) or saline (N=8) from conception through day 42 of gestation....
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
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abstract::Although cocaine administration reduces blood flow to the fetus in the pregnant ewe, the effects of cocaine on uterine and placental blood flow in the pregnant rat have not been adequately documented. The current study tested the hypothesis that cocaine decreased uterine and placental blood flow in awake and freely mo...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
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abstract::Ochratoxin A (a mycotoxin) is known to cause cell death in the developing brain of embryos 1-2 days after treatment. Microcephaly was observed with high frequency in mice by prenatal treatment with ochratoxin A. Using a stereological method, the numerical densities of neurons and synapses were investigated in the soma...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
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journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
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doi:10.1016/0892-0362(88)90021-9
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journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
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doi:10.1016/0892-0362(87)90022-5
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abstract::Visual thresholds for luminance increments were obtained behaviorally and electrophysiologically from rats exposed to a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) during development. Male Long-Evans rats exposed to 0, 0.25, or 1.0 microg/kg/day of 3,3',4,4', 5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) through gestation and weaning were train...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
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journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
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abstract::Caffeine, added to the drinking water of males used for impregnation and gestant BALB/c mice such that their daily caffeine intake was 60 mg/kg, modified the passive avoidance behavior of the offspring when tested as adults. Caffeine-treated and control mice of the F1 generation were then cross-mated. The F2 generatio...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0892-0362(89)90007-x
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2017.11.001
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
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abstract::4-Nonylphenol (4-NP), an estrogen mimicking compound is produced by biodegradation of alkylethoxylates. It is well established that 4-NP can affect the development of aquatic animals by disrupting the endocrine signals. Here we show for the first time in zebrafish that 4-NP does not only target the neuroendocrine syst...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2011.09.009
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journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
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journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
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doi:10.1016/0892-0362(89)90028-7
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journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
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doi:10.1016/s0892-0362(01)00119-2
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journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
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doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2012.07.003
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journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
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doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2008.02.005
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journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
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journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
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journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
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journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2003.08.003
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0892-0362(94)00076-p
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toluene can be considered an ototoxic chemical compound in the rat. Outer hair cells are particularly sensitive to this aromatic organic solvent or to one of its metabolites. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the possible role played by cysteine S-conjugates in the ototoxic process in Long-Evans rats....
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2008.02.006
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Uranium is a heavy metal known to induce toxicity in kidneys. It is also known to enter the central nervous system, thus inducing neurophysiological effects, after exposure to relatively high concentrations. The effect of chronic uranium exposure (40 mg l(-1) in drinking water, for 90 days) on electroencephalographic ...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2005.07.005
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methylphenidate (MPD) is a dopamine uptake inhibitor and the most commonly prescribed drug for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. Several studies have shown that such stimulants as cocaine and amphetamine that are administered during gestation and lactation may disrupt maternal beha...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2015.05.008
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cigarette smoking in pregnant women has been shown to lead to intrauterine growth retardation and fetal death, and possibly also to neural dysmorphology and long-term learning deficits in the offspring. Because the teratogenic agent in cigarette smoke remains controversial, the present study on rat embryos in culture ...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0892-0362(91)90076-9
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The concurrence of prenatal alcohol exposure with other drug exposure, low socioeconomic status and environmental risk factors may obscure associations, if any, between prenatal cocaine exposure and child outcomes. This study evaluates the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on child behavior in analyses str...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2004.10.005
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::While there is a long-standing tradition of using behavioral methods to study the effects of manufactured drugs and environmental chemicals, comparatively little attention has focused until recently on the behavioral effects of marine or freshwater toxins. A vast array of microorganisms, found in a variety of waters, ...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2005.06.007
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Response variability across the lifespan is an important consideration in toxicology and risk assessment, and the toxic effects of drugs and chemicals during adolescence need more research. This paper summarizes a workshop presented in March 2019, at the Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting in Baltimore, Maryland, tha...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106916
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00