Abstract:
:P-element transformants of a single rRNA gene (rDNA) were used to investigate the relationship between the organization of the nucleolus organizer (NO) and rDNA function in Drosophila melanogaster. In situ hybridization to rRNA in polytene nuclei of salivary glands demonstrated that an rRNA gene can be transcribed at a high rate when inserted into chromosomal sites other than the NO. Structures that resemble morphologically the endogenous nucleoli ('mininucleoli') were associated with four different euchromatic sites of rDNA insertion. Molecular analyses revealed that these mininucleoli contained both rRNA and an antigen specific to nucleoli. Phenotypes resulting from rDNA deficiencies were rescued partially by the presence of the transformed rDNA, indicating that the transcripts and mininucleoli associated with the rDNA insertion sites were functional. Thus, two conserved features of rDNA organization in eukaryotes, namely tandem repetition and heterochromatic localization, are not required for rRNA gene function. We conclude that 'nucleolar organizing activity' is an intrinsic property of the rDNA or its RNA products.
journal_name
Genes Devjournal_title
Genes & developmentauthors
Karpen GH,Schaefer JE,Laird CDdoi
10.1101/gad.2.12b.1745subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-12-01 00:00:00pages
1745-63issue
12Beissn
0890-9369issn
1549-5477journal_volume
2pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Expression of the gene encoding atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) during mouse cardiac embryogenesis was studied using in situ hybridization to histologic sections. ANF mRNA was first detected in a subpopulation of myocardial cells at day 8 of embryogenesis. During day 9, abundant hybridization of the ANF probe to the a...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.1.7.693
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) emerged as nuclear transport channels in eukaryotic cells ∼1.5 billion years ago. While the primary role of NPCs is to regulate nucleo-cytoplasmic transport, recent research suggests that certain NPC proteins have additionally acquired the role of affecting gene expression at the nuclear ...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.280941.116
更新日期:2016-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Chromatin reorganization is essential for transcriptional control by sequence-specific transcription factors. However, the molecular link between transcriptional control and chromatin reconfiguration remains unclear. By colocalization of the nuclear ecdysone receptor (EcR) on the ecdysone-induced puff in the salivary ...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.1857410
更新日期:2010-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::We describe three strains of transgenic mice derived by embryo microinjection of DNA consisting of a long terminal repeat (LTR) of Moloney murine sarcoma virus (Mo-MSV) linked to the murine c-mos coding sequences. Southern analysis of the genomic DNA of these strains suggested that in each case the transgene had integ...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.1.10.1327
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous lines of study have suggested that the Hox genes, encoding putative transcription factors, are key genes in the establishment of the body plan of the mammalian embryo. To examine the role of Hoxa-5 (Hox1.3) gene during development, we have used targeted mutagenesis in embryonic stem cells to produce a strain ...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.7.11.2085
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wilms Tumor, the most common pediatric kidney cancer, evolves from the failure of terminal differentiation of the embryonic kidney. Here we show that overexpression of the heterochronic regulator Lin28 during kidney development in mice markedly expands nephrogenic progenitors by blocking their final wave of differenti...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.237149.113
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Wnt gene family encodes a group of cysteine-rich proteins implicated in intercellular signaling during several stages of vertebrate development. This family includes Wnt-1 and Wnt-3, both discovered as activated oncogenes in mouse mammary tumors. Here we describe the molecular cloning of an additional member of th...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.5.3.381
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG1) and RAG2 proteins initiate V(D)J recombination, the process that assembles the B- and T-lymphocyte antigen receptor genes of jawed vertebrates. RAG1 and RAG2 are thought to have arisen from a transposable element, but the origins of this element are not understood. We show th...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.278432.116
更新日期:2016-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Caenorhabditis elegans let-7, a founding member of the microRNA family, is predicted to bind to six sites in the 3'UTR of the mRNA of its target gene, lin-41, to down-regulate LIN-41. Here, we demonstrate that wild-type let-7 microRNA binds in vitro to RNA from the lin-41 3'UTR. This interaction is dependent on two co...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.1165404
更新日期:2004-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Activation and repression of transcription in eukaryotes involve changes in the chromatin fiber that can be accomplished by covalent modification of the histone tails or the replacement of the canonical histones with other variants. Here we show that the histone H2A variant of Drosophila melanogaster, H2Av, localizes ...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.1259105
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genome integrity is constantly monitored by sophisticated cellular networks, collectively termed the DNA damage response (DDR). A common feature of DDR proteins is their mobilization in response to genotoxic stress. Here, we outline how the development of various complementary methodologies has provided valuable insig...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1101/gad.2021311
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromosome segregation requires stable bipolar attachments of spindle microtubules to kinetochores. The dynein/dynactin motor complex localizes transiently to kinetochores and is implicated in chromosome segregation, but its role remains poorly understood. Here, we use the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo to investigate ...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.1687508
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The superoxide radical (O(2)(-)) has long been considered a major cause of aging. O(2)(-) in cytosolic, extracellular, and mitochondrial pools is detoxified by dedicated superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms. We tested the impact of each SOD isoform in Caenorhabditis elegans by manipulating its five sod genes and saw no...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.504808
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcriptional repressors play a key role in establishing localized patterns of gene expression in the early Drosophila embryo. Several different modes of repression have been implicated in previous studies, including competition and direct interference with the transcription complex. Here, we present evidence for "q...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.8.15.1829
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a quality control mechanism that detects and degrades mRNAs containing premature stop codons (PTCs). In vertebrates, PTCs trigger efficient NMD when located upstream of an exon junction complex (EJC). Degradation of PTC-containing mRNAs requires the endonucleolytic activity of SMG...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.604610
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Integrin-mediated cell-matrix interactions are essential for development, tissue homeostasis, and repair. Upon ligand binding, integrins are recruited into focal adhesions (FAs). Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is an FA component that interacts with the cytoplasmic domains of integrins, recruits adaptor proteins that lin...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.255603
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In response to DNA damage, cells activate a complex signal transduction network called the DNA damage response (DDR). To enhance our current understanding of the DDR network, we performed a genome-wide RNAi screen to identify genes required for resistance to ionizing radiation (IR). Along with a number of known DDR ge...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.1934210
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Historically, biomedical research has been based on two paradigms. First, measurements of biological behaviors have been based on bulk assays that average over large populations. Second, these behaviors have then been crudely perturbed by systemic administration of therapeutic treatments. Nanotechnology has the potent...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1101/gad.226837.113
更新日期:2013-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer. Many mutant p53 proteins exert oncogenic gain-of-function (GOF) properties that contribute to metastasis, but the mechanisms mediating these functions remain poorly defined in vivo. To elucidate how mutant p53 GOF drives metastasis, we developed a traceable som...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.304972.117
更新日期:2017-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::S-phase cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28-Clb5 (CDK-S) and Dbf4-dependent kinase Cdc7-Dbf4 (DDK) are highly conserved kinases well known for their roles in the initiation of DNA replication. CDK-S is also essential for initiation of meiotic recombination because it phosphorylates Ser30 of Mer2, a meiosis-specific double-s...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.1626408
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activated Ras initiates a cascade of sequential phosphorylation events, including the protein kinases Raf, MEK, and MAP kinase. The Let-60 Ras-mediated signal transduction pathway controls vulval induction in Caenorhabditis elegans. Both Lin-45 Raf and Sur-1 MAP kinase have been determined to be essential factors duri...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.9.6.742
更新日期:1995-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Interactions required for inhibition of poly(A) polymerase (PAP) by the U1 snRNP-specific U1A protein, a reaction whose function is to autoregulate U1A protein production, are examined. PAP inhibition requires a substrate RNA to which at least two molecules of U1A protein can bind tightly, but we demonstrate that the ...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.11.6.761
更新日期:1997-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::X. laevis stage VI oocytes respond differently from unfertilized eggs when injected with the genes for X. laevis embryonic U1 RNAs, xU1b1, and xU1b2. Upon maturation of oocytes into eggs, the efficiency of transcription decreases greatly and the ratio of xU1b1 to xU1b2 RNA transcription changes. Moreover, DNA replicat...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.1.1.47
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Morphogenesis of the insect kidney, the Malpighian tubules, is controlled in Drosophila by a single large cell, the tip cell. It has been postulated that this cell sends out a mitogenic signal that induces the division of neighboring cells. The signal and the molecules that receive it have remained elusive. We show th...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.12.12.1781
更新日期:1998-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Eukaryotic translation initiation begins with ribosomal recruitment of aminoacylated initiator tRNA (Met-tRNA(Met)(i)) by eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2. In cooperation with eIF3, eIF1, and eIF1A, Met-tRNA(Met)(i)/eIF2/GTP binds to 40S subunits yielding 43S preinitiation complexes that attach to the 5'-terminal reg...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.1957510
更新日期:2010-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Upon activation by far-red light, phytochrome A signals are transduced through several pathways to promote photomorphogenesis. The COP1 E3 ligase represses photomorphogenesis in part by targeting transcription activators such as LAF1 and HY5 for destruction. Another positive regulator of photomorphogenesis is HFR1, a ...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.1247205
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms that control energy homeostasis and tissue growth during development are closely linked through the insulin signal transduction pathway. Changes in the level of insulin and other hormones reflect the nutritional status of the animal to control circulating sugar levels and fat metabolism. Systemic defect...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.374406
更新日期:2006-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Distinctive from that of the animal system, the basic plan of the plant body is the continuous formation of a structural unit, composed of a stem with a meristem at the top and lateral organs continuously forming at the meristem. Therefore, mechanisms controlling the formation, maintenance, and development of a merist...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.13.9.1079
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::During vascular development, endothelial platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) is critical for pericyte recruitment. Deletion of the conserved C-terminal heparin-binding motif impairs PDGF-BB retention and pericyte recruitment in vivo, suggesting a potential role for heparan sulfate (HS) in PDGF-BB function during...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.398207
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ribonucleotide reductase activity is essential for progression through the cell cycle, catalyzing the rate-limiting step for the production of deoxyribonucleotides needed for DNA synthesis. The enzymatic activity of the enzyme fluctuates in the cell cycle with an activity maximum in S phase. We have identified and cha...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.4.5.740
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00