Abstract:
:A number of computerized tests were used to study visual attention, memory and learning in elderly depressed patients. Impairment was found in approximately 70% of depressed patients and was seen particularly in memory and in measures of latency. Depressed patients showed equivalent impairment in short-term memory but less impairment in conditional associative learning compared to a group of patients with early dementia of the Alzheimer-type (DAT), matched for age and pre-morbid IQ. With respect to qualitative differences between depression and DAT, depressed patients showed a different pattern of errors and a consistently prolonged latency of response which was independent of delay in a delayed matching-to-sample test. On recovery from depression, although improvement was seen in most test scores, performance in measures of latency and in a number of tests of memory and learning failed to reach the level seen in a group of matched control subjects and approximately 35% of patients continued to show impairment. For the depressed patients, ventricular brain ratio (VBR) correlated with measures of slowing. In addition, in the 'recovered-depressives', VBR correlated with poor performance at high levels of task difficulty. These findings are discussed with respect to previous literature on the pattern of cognitive impairment and CT scan findings in depression.
journal_name
Psychol Medjournal_title
Psychological medicineauthors
Abas MA,Sahakian BJ,Levy Rdoi
10.1017/s0033291700017025subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-08-01 00:00:00pages
507-20issue
3eissn
0033-2917issn
1469-8978journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Sleep disruption is a common precursor to deterioration and relapse in people living with psychotic disorders. Understanding the temporal relationship between sleep and psychopathology is important for identifying and developing interventions which target key variables that contribute to relapse. METHODS:We...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291720004857
更新日期:2021-01-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Childhood trauma is a risk factor for psychosis. Deficits in response inhibition are common to psychosis and trauma-exposed populations, and associated brain functions may be affected by trauma exposure in psychotic disorders. We aimed to identify the influence of trauma-exposure on brain activation and func...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291717002884
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an earlier paper we found that a model of depression developed on a sample of women in a London population was confirmed in a female population in the Outer Hebrides. Differences in the rates of onset and chronic cases between the two populations, however, suggested that the Scottish women might be more likely to b...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700052892
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Euthanasia and assisted suicide (EAS) based on a psychiatric disorder (psychiatric EAS) continue to pose ethical and policy challenges, even in countries where the practice has been allowed for years. We conducted a systematic review of reasons, a specific type of review for bioethical questions designed to ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291720001543
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Complicated grief is a distinct psychological response of individuals facing the loss of a loved one and can lead to many types of adverse health outcomes. Although social support may be beneficial, few studies have examined the beneficial effects of helpful support on complicated grief following bereavement...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/S0033291715001658
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depression is one of the most prevalent mental illnesses worldwide and a leading cause of disability, especially in the setting of treatment resistance. In recent years, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a promising alternative strategy for treatment-resistant depression and its clinic...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0033291715001609
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association between childhood adversity (CA) and psychosis has been extensively investigated in recent years. An increasing body of research has also focused on the mediating or moderating role of biological and psychological mechanisms, as well as other risk factors that might account for the link between CA and ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291720002172
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This experiment examines two aspects of delusional cognition that have been reported clinically but not investigated empirically. These are the incorporation of potentially conflicting information into the recall of delusion-related scripts and the type and amount of material produced additional to that pres...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s003329170200538x
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The correlates of insight in early-onset psychosis have received little previous attention. METHOD:We studied clinical correlates of insight in a sample of 110 adolescent recent-onset psychosis patients (mean age 15.53 years; psychotic symptoms present for <6 months). Insight was measured with the Scale to ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291708004868
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Risk factors that are associated with depression in the mother also negatively affect the child. This research sought to extend current knowledge by examining the duration and timing of maternal depression as a moderator of: (1) the impact of dependent interpersonal stress (DIS), such as partner conflict or ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291712002450
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The rate of binocular rivalry has been reported to be slower in subjects with bipolar disorder than in controls when tested with drifting, vertical and horizontal gratings of high spatial frequency. METHOD:Here we assess the rate of binocular rivalry with stationary, vertical and horizontal gratings of low ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291703007475
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that specific cognitions and behaviours play a role in maintaining chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). However, little research has investigated illness-specific cognitive processing in CFS. This study investigated whether CFS participants had an attentional bias for CFS-related stimuli and a ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291716002890
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In constructing a new self-report questionnaire for measuring self esteem, the aim has been to satisfy psychometric requirements without sacrificing the intuitive meaning of the concept. Self esteem is seen as a composite, and examination of its components may have more analytic or predictive value than 'global' score...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s003329170001254x
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Understanding the pathways to psychiatric care and recognition of delay points are crucial for the development of interventions that aim to improve access to mental health-care services. METHOD:Over a 2-month period in 2003, a total of 1044 patients at the commencement of new episodes of care at Amanuel Spe...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291708003929
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients may present with cognitive impairment in the euthymic phase of affective disorder, but it is unclear whether the impairment is prevalent before onset of the illness. The aim of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that genetic liability to affective disorder is associated with cognitive i...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291706007896
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Assaultive violence events are associated with increased risk for adverse psychiatric outcomes, including post-traumatic stress (PTS), depression, and generalized anxiety. Prior research has indicated that economic, legal, and social stressors that could follow assaultive events may explain the increased ris...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291717001143
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We found diurnal weight gain to be abnormal among 28 institutionalized chronically psychotic patients. They were weighed daily for 15 days at 7 a.m. and 4 p.m. We normalized the diurnal weight gain (NDWG) as a percentage by subtracting the 7 a.m. weight from the 4 p.m. weight, multiplying the difference by 100, and th...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700011065
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Research exploring the longitudinal course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms has documented four modal trajectories (low, remitting, high, and delayed), with proportions varying across studies. Heterogeneity could be due to differences in trauma types and patient demographic characteristics. ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291719004008
更新日期:2020-02-03 00:00:00
abstract::The concept of allusive thinking is briefly reviewed and a Pavlovian model of thinking advanced. It is hypothesized that allusive, as compared with non-allusive thinkers, have a broader but less intense attention process associated with weaker inhibition. From this model it was predicted that on word tests which requi...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700004414
更新日期:1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exclusion criteria are present in almost all diagnostic categories in both DSM-IV and ICD-10. These exclusion criteria state that one diagnosis is not made if it is 'due to' another disorder. However, there is little empirical evidence demonstrating that the hierarchy imposed by the exclusion criteria is mea...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291702006189
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Victims of war captivity sometimes suffer from complex post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a unique form of PTSD that entails various alterations in personality. These alterations may involve changes in attachment orientation. METHOD:The sample comprised two groups of veterans from the 1973 Yom Kippur Wa...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291708002808
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sixty-four children taken to court for failure to attend school were reliably classified into 4 groups, according to whether they exhibited the features of 'school refusal' and/or 'truancy'. About a fifth of them were found to exhibit 'school refusal'; a third showed 'truancy'; less than a sixth exhibited both 'school...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700021024
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::On the background of the recent discussion about the appropriateness of linear difference and ratio models for testing interaction effects of social support and stress, it is argued that interaction effects are basically unstable when dichotomized continuous variables are analysed. A data set with known interrelations...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700008394
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cannabis use is considered a component cause of psychotic illness, interacting with genetic and other environmental risk factors. Little is known, however, about these putative interactions. The present study investigated whether an urban environment plays a role in moderating the effects of adolescent canna...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291711000511
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors review the evidence that parental death in childhood predisposes to depressive disorders in later life. The findings in general are quite inconsistent; this is due in part to the methodological limitations of most studies, principally that of inadequate control of potentially confounding variables. Where e...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700044044
更新日期:1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the relationships between cardiovascular variables (SBP, DBP, and HR) and circulating natural killer (NK) cell numbers, 70 male volunteers were subjected to a rest condition (N = 30) or a stressful laboratory task (N = 40). At baseline, no significant relationships could be demonstrated between the numb...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/s0033291700036229
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sertraline has a proved efficacy in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but it is unknown which symptoms respond or in what sequence this occurs. Such information might be useful clinically and heuristically. METHOD:The study examined the effects of sertraline on the individual symptoms of PTSD. It also ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/s0033291702005469
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Psychiatric history, familial history of suicide attempts, and certain traumatic life events are important predictors of suicidal thoughts and behaviour. We examined the epidemiology and genetics of suicidality (i.e. reporting persistent suicidal thoughts or a plan or suicide attempt) in a large community-ba...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291798006916
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Referral rates to psychiatric services in North-East Scotland by 147 individual urban and rural general practitioners were calculated. Among city doctors, the greater the number of years since qualification the more patients were referred. Single-handed city doctors also had very high referral rates. Subsequent interv...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700030865
更新日期:1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels were compared with assaultive behaviour by 46 psychiatric patients. Significant relationships were found between CPK level and violent behaviour prior to admission and CPK level and seclusion as a danger to others while in hospital. No relationship was found between CPK level ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700003275
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00