Critical appraisal process: step-by-step.

Abstract:

:We present information describing how to search to identify those reports that provide insight into the answer to the query. We have presented a reasonable approach to searching, with our end-point being the identification of published articles which appear to answer our queries. The decision as to whether these articles are applicable to the patient under discussion is determined by our clinical knowledge and the specifics of the patient's medical concerns. This process is recognized as critical analysis. Our structure for optimal searching includes use of the PICO model, formulating a focused clinical question, and defining key search terms. Using these principles, we have addressed an example important controversy in the practice of clinical medicine; in other words, the effectiveness of screening for prostate cancer and whether it alters the natural history of this illness.

journal_name

South Med J

journal_title

Southern medical journal

authors

Timm DF,Banks DE,McLarty J

doi

10.1097/SMJ.0b013e31824a711f

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2012-03-01 00:00:00

pages

144-8

issue

3

eissn

0038-4348

issn

1541-8243

pii

00007611-201203000-00010

journal_volume

105

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
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    doi:10.1097/00007611-198903000-00004

    authors: Golden WE,Lavender RC

    更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00

  • Assessment and significance of Arthur Conan Doyle's medical writings.

    abstract::Doyle's medical writings represent a valuable contribution to both the scientific and nonscientific aspects of medicine of the late 19th Century. Up to the present, accounts of these writings have been few, and none of them have been evaluative of their scientific merit. Analysis of Doyle's writings on infectious dise...

    journal_title:Southern medical journal

    pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007611-198211000-00023

    authors: Rodin AE,Key JD

    更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00

  • Clinical differentiation of abscess from neoplasm in newly diagnosed space-occupying lesions of the liver.

    abstract::The clinical presentations of liver abscess, hepatoma, and metastatic tumor to the liver may be quite similar, and procedures such as computerized tomography, radionuclide scanning, and ultrasonography of the liver cannot make a specific diagnosis. Therefore, we compared the clinical presentations of 38 patients seen ...

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    doi:10.1097/00007611-198712000-00013

    authors: Klotz SA,Penn RL

    更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00

  • Impact of minority physicians on health care.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:There is concern that anti-affirmative-action measures will negate gains made ill educating underrepresented minority physicians and that this underrepresentation may have a negative impact on access to health care for these same underrepresented groups. METHODS:A review of the literature was completed to e...

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    doi:10.1097/00007611-199811000-00003

    authors: Thurmond VB,Kirch DG

    更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00

  • Training and evaluating teams of simulated patients.

    abstract::The purpose of this study was to train and evaluate teams of standardized (simulated) patients as part of a required course in family medicine for second-year medical students. During three hours of training, six women were trained to play the same person. These standardized teams played four roles during the 12-week ...

    journal_title:Southern medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007611-198708090-00021

    authors: Nieman LZ,Thomas R

    更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00

  • Colonoscopy preparation complicated by Mallory-Weiss tear.

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    journal_title:Southern medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007611-199203000-00021

    authors: Hroncich ME

    更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00

  • Intermittent premature mitral valve closure in combined acute severe aortic and mitral regurgitation.

    abstract::We have described the clinical, hemodynamic, and echocardiographic features of torn aortic cusps with mitral valve fenestration in a patient with infective endocarditis. Hemodynamic studies showed left atrial pressure intermittently exceeding left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. This phenomenon corresponded with i...

    journal_title:Southern medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007611-198411000-00022

    authors: Dianzumba SB,Montello NJ,Joyner CR

    更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00

  • Heterozygous alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiSZ) in an adolescent with asthma.

    abstract::Although alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency has been associated with obstructive lung disease in individuals possessing a homozygous phenotype (PiZZ), this association has not been as clearly documented in heterozygous individuals (PiMZ, PiMS, and PiSZ phenotypes). Information regarding the heterozygous adolescent populat...

    journal_title:Southern medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/00007611-199610000-00018

    authors: Nuckton TJ,Beckerman RC

    更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00

  • Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib: a possible cause of gastropathy and hypoprothrombinemia.

    abstract::Gastrointestinal side effects from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) result mainly from inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX)-1; it is responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandin E2, which leads to increased mucosal blood flow, increased bicarbonate secretion, and mucus production, thus protecti...

    journal_title:Southern medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Linder JD,Mönkemüller KE,Davis JV,Wilcox CM

    更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00

  • Changes in liver enzyme values after halothane and enflurane for surgical anesthesia.

    abstract::For over a decade there has been concern about hepatitis related to halothane anesthesia. No dose relationship or other direct cause has ever been established, and jaundice has been found to occur after other anesthetics for surgical operations. Enflurane is a newer halogenated compound with a remarkable record of saf...

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    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007611-197807000-00012

    authors: Thompson DS,Friday CD

    更新日期:1978-07-01 00:00:00

  • Treatment decisions in "white coat" hypertension: do we need the whole 24 hours?

    abstract::Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (24BP) is an emerging technology used to further evaluate elevated blood pressure readings obtained during office visits. We wondered whether a less costly approach than 24BP would lead clinicians to similar treatment decisions. Eleven faculty general internists se...

    journal_title:Southern medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007611-199006000-00003

    authors: Rucker L,Mabourakh S,Onishi R

    更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00

  • Insulin resistance syndrome: options for treatment.

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    journal_title:Southern medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/00007611-199901000-00002

    authors: Granberry MC,Fonseca VA

    更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00

  • Fate of ovary transposed during treatment of Hodgkin's disease.

    abstract::Although successful transposition of the ovaries at the time of staging laparotomy for Hodgkin's disease is well documented, little comment has been made on potential complications. This case report of a primary ovarian neoplasm (benign) developing in a transposed ovary serves to alert physicians as to possible ovaria...

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    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007611-198307000-00039

    authors: Andersen WA,Chambers J,Wanebo HJ,Taylor PT

    更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00

  • Homozygous beta thalassemia in a black adult: follow-up after two decases.

    abstract::A 54-year-old woman, perhaps the oldest living American black with homozygous beta thalassemia, has had a relatively benign clinical course since her case was first reported two decades ago. Despite progressive splenomegaly, she has remained active without blood transfusions. This case emphasizes the mildness of homoz...

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    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007611-197609000-00041

    authors: Eichner ER

    更新日期:1976-09-01 00:00:00

  • Mental and emotional disturbance with pentazocine (Talwin) use.

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    doi:10.1097/00007611-197507000-00004

    authors: Kane FJ Jr,Pokorny A

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    abstract::A woman with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease developed pneumonia and bacteremia from Branhamella catarrhalis. This is only the fifth reported case of pneumonia with bacteremia due to this organism, which was previously considered normal upper airway flora. ...

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    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007611-198910000-00035

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    更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00

  • Pulmonary contusion in children: diagnosis and management.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Pulmonary contusion (PC) is the most common injury identified in pediatric blunt chest trauma. The disagreement over management principles of children with PC may complicate care of these patients. METHODS:We reviewed the literature and our institutional experience. RESULTS:Pulmonary contusion is most ofte...

    journal_title:Southern medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/00007611-199812000-00002

    authors: Allen GS,Cox CS Jr

    更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00

  • Chronic myelocytic leukemia with near-total pulmonary microvascular obstruction by platelets.

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    journal_title:Southern medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007611-198804000-00029

    authors: Blachly RJ,Herring GF,Mansouri A

    更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00

  • Medial meniscectomy: a prospective clinical study.

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    journal_title:Southern medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007611-198309000-00021

    authors: Henard DC

    更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00

  • Chronic hemoptysis: an unusual manifestation of fungal sinusitis.

    abstract::A woman with chronic hemoptysis as her only complaint had extensive testing and did not respond to antibiotic therapy. Radiologic examination of the sinuses identified a mass which, on surgical exploration, was found to be the result of a fungus, Pseudallescheria boydii. Although this fungus is known to be a cause of ...

    journal_title:Southern medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007611-199507000-00021

    authors: Fiero RA,Groth M,Hurewitz A,April M,Nuovo M

    更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00

  • Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia and pyoderma gangrenosum after a brown recluse spider bite.

    abstract::Brown recluse spider bites may result in extensive soft tissue injury, causing months of disability. We have described a patient who had a series of extensive surgical debridements after envenomation. Despite skin grafting, persistent cutaneous lesions and extensive satellitosis progressed to involve the entire lower ...

    journal_title:Southern medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/00007611-199002000-00029

    authors: Hoover EL,Williams W,Koger L,Murthy R,Parsh S,Weaver WL

    更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00

  • Schwannoma of the breast.

    abstract::Schwannoma arising within breast parenchyma is rare. We report such a case in a 50-year-old woman. The tumor, which measured 7 mm, is the smallest and the only mammographically detected schwannoma of the breast thus far reported. Clinicians should be aware that this benign tumor of breast may simulate a malignant neop...

    journal_title:Southern medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/00007611-199602000-00018

    authors: Gultekin SH,Cody HS 3rd,Hoda SA

    更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00

  • Angiotensin receptor blockers for management of hypertension.

    abstract::The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a major role in blood pressure regulation and is thus an important therapeutic target in the management of hypertension. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), which interrupt RAAS overactivity by blocking a specific receptor that mediates the pathogenic activity of...

    journal_title:Southern medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181e1e2da

    authors: Catanzaro DF,Frishman WH

    更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00

  • Cashew nut dermatitis.

    abstract::The urushiol dermatitis caused by plants of the Anacardiaceae family is the most common cause of acute allergic contact dermatitis. We have reported a case of cashew nut urushiol dermatitis due to ingestion of homemade cashew nut butter contaminated by cashew nut shell oil. With the precautions taken today to avoid co...

    journal_title:Southern medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007611-199404000-00026

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    更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00

  • Current concepts in the postoperative care of the rhinoplasty patient.

    abstract::This is a systematic review of the available literature and our own personal experience regarding the optimal management of the rhinoplasty patient. The routine utilization of nasal splinting, casting and perioperative antibiotics is supported. The management of a number of common early complications is also discussed...

    journal_title:Southern medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181807a79

    authors: Cochran CS,Ducic Y,DeFatta RJ

    更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00

  • A clinical report of adverse health effects due to bed sharing in two children with spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury.

    abstract::This paper explores the possibility that bed sharing may carry particular risks for children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN). Two cases of CSHCN who may have sustained adverse health effects from bed sharing are described. These two case reports indicate that CSHCN may be particularly susceptible to risks associ...

    journal_title:Southern medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.smj.0000220843.75686.cb

    authors: Sneed RC

    更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00

  • Eikenella corrodens osteomyelitis, arthritis, and cellulitis of the hand.

    abstract::Eikenella corrodens was isolated from an orally contaminated hand wound which resulted in cellulitis, osteomyelitis, and arthritis. E corrodens is a gram-negative, microaerophilic bacillus which only lately has received attention as a possible pathogen. The organism grows characteristically as small, corroding, or pit...

    journal_title:Southern medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007611-197605000-00018

    authors: Johnson SM,Pankey GA

    更新日期:1976-05-01 00:00:00

  • Acute neutrophilic meningitis treated successfully with corticosteroids.

    abstract::This report describes a cocaine user who presented with polymorphonuclear pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid mimicking bacterial meningitis. Thorough investigation of the cerebrospinal fluid did not reveal evidence of bacteria or fungi. Clinical deterioration was observed in spite of empiric treatment with antibiotics...

    journal_title:Southern medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.SMJ.0000082002.66513.EA

    authors: Alexopoulou A,Deutsch M,Dourakis SP

    更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00

  • Protease inhibitor combination therapy and decreased condom use among gay men.

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    journal_title:Southern medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: DiClemente RJ,Funkhouser E,Wingood G,Fawal H,Holmberg SD,Vermund SH

    更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00

  • Displaced tibial shaft fractures: a comparison of treatment methods.

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    journal_title:Southern medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007611-197601000-00014

    authors: Dunn AW

    更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00