Abstract:
:Oxidative stress is among the major causes of toxicity due to interaction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) with cellular macromolecules and structures and interference with signal transduction pathways. The mitochondrial respiratory chain, specially from Complexes I and III, is considered the main origin of ROS particularly under conditions of high membrane potential, but several other sources may be important for ROS generation, such as mitochondrial p66(Shc), monoamine oxidase, α-ketoglutarate dehydogenase, besides redox cycling of redox-active molecules. ROS are able to oxidatively modify lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids in mitochondria and to activate/inactivate signalling pathways by oxidative modification of redox-active factors. Cells are endowed with several defence mechanisms including repair or removal of damaged molecules, and antioxidant systems, either enzymatic or non-enzymatic. Oxidative stress is at the basis of ageing and many pathological disorders, such as ischemic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer, although the underlying mechanisms are not always completely understood.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Lenaz Gdoi
10.1007/978-94-007-2869-1_5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-01-01 00:00:00pages
93-136eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
942pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The phylum Cnidariais one of the earliest branches in the animal tree of life providing crucial insights into the early evolution of immunity. The diversity in cnidarian life histories and habitats raises several important issues relating to immunity. First, in the absence of specific immune cells, cnidarians must hav...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8059-5_1
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification and characterization of microRNAs (miRNAs) is a rapidly growing area of research also in dermatology. Skin represents the largest organ in the human body, and its morphogenesis has been shown to require a highly coordinated and undisrupted miRNA profile. High expression of several miRNAs in the epid...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
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doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22671-2_16
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::ATP binding cassette (ABC)-containing drug efflux transporters play important roles in regulating intracellular drug concentrations that determine cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. Of particular relevance to cancer chemotherapy are the transporters P-glycoprotein (Pgp) encoded by multidrug resistance 1 gene...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-74039-3_2
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transparency of the eye can be disturbed by several eye diseases. It has recently been reported that periostin plays pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of several eye disease, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, pterygia, corneal dystrophy, and chronic ocular allergi...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/5584_2019_425
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journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-78952-1_1
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Na+, K(+)-activated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) is present in the membrane of eukaryotic cells and represent a major pathway for Na+ and K+ transport across the plasma membrane. Cardiac glycosides, such as digoxin or ouabain, inhibit this enzyme activity by binding to a specific receptor on the membrane. Stu...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1893-8_3
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe an investigation into how Massey University's Pollen Classifynder can accelerate the understanding of pollen and its role in nature. The Classifynder is an imaging microscopy system that can locate, image and classify slide based pollen samples. Given the laboriousness of purely manual image acquisition an...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10984-8_12
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epigenetic memories are acquired information included in the chromatin or DNA such as methylation and histone modifications. Recent studies suggest that epigenetic memories determine the types of differentiated cells in each tissue. Moreover, the development of metabolic diseases induced by environmental factors durin...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5526-3_2
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::While microbial biofilms have been recognized as being ubiquitous in nature for the past 40 years, it has only been within the past 20 years that clinical practitioners have realized that biofilm play a significant role in both device-related and tissue-based infections. The global impact of surgical site infections (...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In contrast to heavily methylated mammalian genomes, invertebrate genomes are only sparsely methylated in a 'mosaic' fashion with the majority of methylated CpG dinucleotides found across gene bodies. Importantly, this gene body methylation is frequently associated with active transcription, and studies in the honeybe...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43624-1_9
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Achromatopsia (ACHM) is caused by a progressive loss of cone photoreceptors leading to color blindness and poor visual acuity. Animal studies and human clinical trials have shown that gene replacement therapy with adeno-associate virus (AAV) is a viable treatment option for this disease. Although there have been succe...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3209-8_87
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::What is the function of the Hox genes? At first glance, it is a curious question. Indeed, the answer seems so obvious that several authors have spoken of 'the Hox function' about some of the Hox genes, namely Hox3/zen and Hox6/ftz that seem to have lost it during the evolution of Arthropods. What these authors meant i...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6673-5_12
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benign acute childhood myositis (BACM) is a syndrome classically occurring in children during the convalescent phase from a febrile upper respiratory tract infection, most commonly after influenza B. BACM can cause difficulty walking due to severe calf pain. Laboratory results show increased serum creatinine kinase an...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/5584_2017_79
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::These experiments did not answer the question of whether one or several UDG-glucuronyltransferases are present in endoplasmic membranes of the liver. However, they present results which indicate that the glucuronlytransferase (s) have several properties in common with the hydroxylating cytochrome P-450 dependent enzym...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9026-2_23
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary taurine supplementation on plasma and liver lipid content in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups, one that was OVX and the other sham operated (Sham). They were further divided into either control or...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-75681-3_40
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This chapter represents a summary of the findings from the Yersinia enterocolitica strain 8081 whole genome sequence and the associated microarray analysis. Section 1 & 2 provide an introduction to the species and an overview of the general features of the genome. Section 3 identifies important regions within the geno...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-72124-8_1
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The solar ultraviolet-B (UVB)/vitamin D/cancer hypothesis was proposed by the brothers Cedric and Frank Garland in 1980. In 2002, the list was increased to 15 types of cancer using data in the 1999 version of the atlas of cancer mortality rates in the United States. Ecological studies of cancer incidence and/or mortal...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0437-2_4
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulating evidence suggests that sigma-1 receptors play a role in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases, as well as in the mechanisms of some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Among the SSRIs, the order of affinity for sigma-1 receptors is as follows: fluvoxamine > sertraline > fluoxetine ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-50174-1_11
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heart disease is widely believed to develop from two pathological processes. Circulating lipoproteins containing the nondegradable lipid, cholesterol, accumulate within the arterial wall and perhaps are oxidized to more toxic lipids. Both lipid accumulation and vascular reaction to the lipids lead to the gradual thick...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0650-1_2
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coxiella burnetii is a highly infectious bacterial pathogen that replicates in a specialized vacuole inside eukaryotic cells. Due to a prolonged growth cycle, Coxiella continuously manipulates cellular processes to generate this parasitophorous vacuole (PV) and promote host cell viability. Here, we discuss recent find...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4315-1_7
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The regulatory environment for cell- and tissue-based therapeutic products and gene therapy products is rapidly evolving and drug regulatory agencies are working towards establishing a risk-based system in the regulatory framework. Similarly in Singapore, a risk-based tiered approach has been applied whereby clinical ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of ambient noise south of Australia show higher levels at low frequencies in the deep water off the continental shelf compared with locations on the shelf. The difference arises because of differences in transmission loss. Marine animals would experience significantly different noise levels and directionality ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_83
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria have long been known to be critical for cell survival due to their role in energy metabolism. However, not until the mid-1990s did it become evident that mitochondria are also active participants in programmed cell death (PCD). This chapter focuses mainly on the role the mitochondria in mammalian cell dea...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway has an essential role in signal transduction, where it is required for a number of different cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, development, migration and growth. In the immune system, PI3K regulates inflammation by controlling the activation a...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15774-0_9
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibodies against thyroid microsomal antigen (thyroid peroxidase, TMA/TPO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured from 115 patients with vasculitic disorders and 144 patients with suspected thyroid disorders. Nineteen patients, three with vasculitis and 16 with thyroid disorders, were shown to have both TPO and MPO ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9182-2_12
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The process of creating a translation-competent mRNA is highly complex and involves numerous steps including transcription, splicing, addition of modifications, and, finally, export to the cytoplasm. Historically, much of the research on regulation of gene expression at the level of the mRNA has been focused on either...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-31434-7_2
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipid composition and Ca2+ transport properties were examined in the isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum of non-exercised muscles of markedly phosphorus depleted rats. Phosphorous depletion with a fall of plasma Pi from 8.04 +/- 0.85 to 2.56 +/- 0.48 mg/dl was accompanied by a decrease in muscle Pi and ATP content and by ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9167-2_36
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ground roll waves traveling across the seabed provide extra information, their direction of rotation, compared with plane waves in fluids or solids. Idealized Rayleigh waves are "retrograde" in that their horizontal particle motion opposes the direction of travel of the wave when the interface is raised. A single poin...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_53
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three different commercially available melatonin preparations were analyzed by on-line HPLC-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. All three samples contained the same impurities at the approximately 0.1-0.5% level of parent melatonin. Based on accurate mass-HPLC-MS and tandem mass spectrometric analyses, t...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4709-9_99
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00