Abstract：
:β-Adrenergic receptors (βARs) belong to a large family of cell surface receptors known as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). They are coupled to Gs protein (Gαs) for the activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC) yielding cyclic AMP (CAMP), and this provides valuable responses, which can affect the cardiac function such as injury. The binding of an agonist to βAR enhances conformation changes that lead to the Gαs subtype of heterotrimeric G protein which is the AC stimulatory G protein for activation of CAMP in the cells. However, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been reported as having an increased rate of death and β1AR, and β2AR are a promising tool that improves the regulatory function in the cardiovascular system (CVS) via signaling. It increases the Gα level, which activates βAR kinase (βARK) that affects and enhances the progression of heart failure (HF) through the activation of cardiomyocyte βARs. We also explained that an increase in GPCR kinases (GRKs) would practically improve the HF pathogenesis and this occurs via the desensitization of βARs, which causes the loss of contractile reserve. The consistency or overstimulation of catecholamines contributes to CVD such as stroke, HF, and cardiac hypertrophy. When there is a decrease in catecholamine responsiveness, it causes aging in old people because the reduction of βAR sensitivity and density in the myocardium enhances downregulation of βARs to AC in the human heart.
journal_name
Heart Fail Revjournal_title
Heart failure reviewsauthors
Ali DC,Naveed M,Gordon A,Majeed F,Saeed M,Ogbuke MI,Atif M,Zubair HM,Changxing Ldoi
10.1007/s10741-019-09825-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-03-01 00:00:00pages
343-354issue
2eissn
1382-4147issn
1573-7322pii
10.1007/s10741-019-09825-xjournal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Patients diagnosed with CHF have disproportionately high rates of depression. Research has demonstrated significant consequences of depression in patients with CHF including poor quality of life, worse medical adherence and increased health complications, health care utilization, and medical costs. Despite these conse...
journal_title：Heart failure reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10741-008-9081-2
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10741-020-09985-1
更新日期：2020-06-02 00:00:00
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journal_title：Heart failure reviews
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doi：10.1007/s10741-020-09916-0
更新日期：2020-01-27 00:00:00
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journal_title：Heart failure reviews
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journal_title：Heart failure reviews
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更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Heart failure reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Heart failure reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Heart failure reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10741-020-09926-y
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Heart failure reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10741-019-09781-6
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Heart failure reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2020-05-16 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10741-018-9685-0
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Heart failure reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10741-020-09953-9
更新日期：2020-04-18 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1022147005110
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Heart failure reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Heart failure reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Heart failure reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
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更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Heart failure reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2020-06-21 00:00:00
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