Abstract：
:The discovery of an incidental adrenal mass (adrenal incidentaloma) continues to rise with the increasing use of cross-sectional imaging. Although most adrenal lesions are benign and asymptomatic, radiologists should guide evaluation of these lesions, whether benign or malignant. This article reviews the various imaging techniques used to evaluate adrenal masses and their relative strengths and weaknesses. It focuses on the most prevalent adrenal pathologies and their typical imaging characteristics, and concludes with a brief discussion of developing techniques, including diffusion-weighted imaging and dual-energy CT.
journal_name
Radiol Clin North Amjournal_title
Radiologic clinics of North Americaauthors
Taffel M,Haji-Momenian S,Nikolaidis P,Miller FHdoi
10.1016/j.rcl.2012.02.009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-03-01 00:00:00pages
219-43, vissue
2eissn
0033-8389issn
1557-8275pii
S0033-8389(12)00010-3journal_volume
50pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The seronegative spondylarthropathies are a group of multisystem inflammatory disorders that share a variety of clinical, radiologic, and genetic features. They include ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, Reiter's disease, and arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease. This article reviews these mu...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diagnosis and intervention in pediatric GI bleeding is the shared responsibility of pediatric endoscopists, radiologists, and surgeons. Brisk hemorrhage, though alarming, is most often self-limited; few cases require urgent surgery before diagnostic evaluation is accomplished. The choice between endoscopic and radiogr...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The screening controversy arose from inappropriate and scientifically insupportable data analysis of the early results from the randomized, controlled trials of screening. Data were used that were inadequate for making medical recommendations by using subgroup analyses from trials that were not designed to permit subg...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the inception of the discipline of nuclear medicine, thyroid evaluation and therapy with radioactive isotopes have remained an important and constant component of thyroidology. Parathyroid scintigraphy with 201Tl/99mTc subtraction has been a more recent and also very useful addition in the assessment of hyperpar...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:TVS has brought the pelvic organs closer to us than ever before. Color Doppler probes have exposed small vessels that could not be seen with real-time technique alone, and pulsed Doppler is becoming an important adjunct in many physiologic and pathologic states. Vascular changes of the ovary and uterus during the mens...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the chest, the indications for nuclear medicine studies are broader and more varied in children than in adults. In children, nuclear medicine studies are used to evaluate congenital and developmental disorders of the chest, as well as diseases more typical of adults. In the chest, pediatric nuclear medicine uses th...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2011.06.012
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Normal reproduction requires healthy female anatomy. Cervical, uterine, tubal, ovarian, and peritoneal factors can coexist and cause female infertility. Ultrasound, hysterosalpingography, MR imaging, and fallopian tube catheterization are the radiologists' armamentarium for diagnosis. This article illustrates importan...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0033-8389(03)00064-2
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Computed tomography (CT) provides an important perspective in patients with inflammatory bowel disease that often has a profound influence on the therapeutic decision-making process. By virtue of its ability to image the bowel wall, serosa, and mesentery directly and noninvasively, CT can diagnose infectious and infla...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ankle tenography is an easily learned technique for the treatment of tenosynovitis. This article describes the procedure in detail and discusses the indications and contraindications for tenography. The anatomy of the ankle tendons is briefly reviewed. This article familiarizes radiologists with this minimally-invasiv...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70059-2
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Breast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the most sensitive imaging modality for breast cancer detection and guidelines recommend its use, in addition to screening mammography, for high-risk women. The most recent American College of Radiology (ACR) Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) manual coordinate...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2020.09.002
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Imaging of the adrenal gland for characterization of adrenal lesions has made tremendous strides and new technologies continue to evolve. This article highlights the anatomic and physiologic imaging principles that underpin current major adrenal imaging modalities and the new techniques becoming available. This articl...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2008.01.003
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many changes have occurred in the past decade in the imaging of the breast. These improvements have led to more sensitive and specific breast imaging and to the widespread use of minimally invasive biopsy techniques. They have also facilitated a closer working relationship between breast imager and surgeon and have co...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0033-8389(01)00006-9
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although there currently is no evidence of reduced breast cancer mortality for screening women at high risk with mammography, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, or ultrasonography (US), the presumptive evidence of early cancer detection provided by numerous observational studies has led to the publication of guidelines ...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2010.06.012
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in high-resolution prenatal ultrasound and fetal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging have changed the practice of obstetrics by allowing better visualization of intrathoracic and neck structures and better estimation of lung volumes. More accurate prenatal diagnosis has increased options for pregnancy management ...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2011.06.005
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The history of mammography can be arbitrarily subdivided into three periods: The Age of Pioneers highlights the work of Salomon, Kleinschmidt, Warren, Vogel, Seabold, Gershon-Cohen, Leborgne, Egan, Gallager, Martin, Dodd, Strax and their colleagues; The Age of Technical Progress adds the names of Gould, Wolfe, and Gro...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Minor trauma to the foot may cause stress fracture, avulsion fracture or ligamentous and tendon injury. Plain radiographs are frequently normal. Radionuclide bone scan is a sensitive detector of early bone injury. A stress fracture may develop focal uptake or diffuse uptake throughout the bone involved. MR imaging is ...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Urinary tract injury occurs in 10% of all abdominal trauma patients, and the kidney is the most commonly injured organ in the urinary tract. CT with contrast enhancement is the modality of choice for cross-sectional imaging of renal trauma because it quickly and accurately can demonstrate injury to the renal parenchym...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2007.04.004
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroimaging is an invaluable diagnostic tool for sorting through the vast array of etiologies that underlie altered mental status (AMS). Head computed tomography (CT) without contrast is the primary modality for evaluation of AMS and should be complemented by MR imaging in cases of negative CT but high clinical conce...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2019.08.002
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The number of pancreas transplants performed and the success rate have increased significantly since the first segmental pancreas transplant was performed in 1966. Since 1977, 716 pancreas transplants have been performed in 670 patients at 69 institutions. Currently 230 grafts (32 per cent) are listed as functioning (...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skull-base imaging has been a key factor in the advancement of skull-base surgery. The analysis of MR imaging or CT of the skull base emphasizes important landmarks, which are key to surgical planning. Although the definitive diagnosis usually is done by biopsy, the radiologist can limit the list of possibilities of t...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70065-8
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evaluation for splenic injury is an important component of patient assessment after blunt abdominal trauma. Key imaging modalities include ultrasound, particularly for rapid identification of hemoperitoneum, and computed tomography (CT), which permits a more detailed and accurate determination of splenic integrity. Sp...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2011.08.008
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, CT scans have proved to be useful in revealing the site, level, and cause of bowel obstruction and in displaying signs of threatened bowel viability. This article outlines the utility of CT scans, both in terms of the diagnostic features of bowel obstruction and in the evaluation of its accuracy. ...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Each of the various techniques used for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer has its advantages and limitations (Table 1). Imaging has a major role in guiding these procedures and deciding which of them is most appropriate in a given clinical setting. A CT examination by which the size and location of the parenchy...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70183-4
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:PET with [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been accepted as a useful imaging modality for the diagnosis of a variety of malignancies. This article discusses the use of FDG-PET in the management of patients with thyroid and head or neck cancers. ...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2004.07.006
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The overhead throwing motion is a complex sequence of maneuvers that requires coordinated muscle activity in the upper and lower extremities. The shoulder and elbow are subject to multidirectional forces and are particularly vulnerable to injury during specific phases of the overhead throwing motion. Ligamentous, tend...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2012.09.016
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Improvements in scan speed and resolution are changing the role of the pulmonary imager. An understanding of airway mechanics and blood flow physiology is required to take full advantage of the new technology. Assessment of regional airflow and blood flow provides information that is currently unavailable from clinica...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a growing body of experience supporting the use of image-guided RFA for the treatment of primary RCC. Because surgical resection is a technique with low mortality, and a proved success rate that is high, this must remain standard therapy for patients with potentially curable RCC. Some patients with low-stage ...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0033-8389(03)00074-5
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have reviewed the essentials of TKA imaging. Because the purpose of a knee arthroplasty is to relieve pain and improve function, radiographs should be viewed in the context of these goals. ...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article discusses intravenous and intra-articular uses of contrast in cross-sectional imaging for the evaluation of musculoskeletal abnormalities. Emphasis will be placed upon the important traditional uses of contrast-enhanced computed tomography and the recent developments in contrast-enhanced magnetic resonanc...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Health care has changed dramatically over the last decade. Clinicians constantly are faced with decisions regarding the most cost-effective treatment while they maintain high-quality care. Musculoskeletal injuries commonly are seen in the practitioner's office, and thus it is important to find an effective imaging mod...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70118-4
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
