Abstract:
:1. Semi-isolated preparations of the nine-celled cardiac ganglion of the crab, Portunus sanguinolentus, were studied electrophysiologically, using simultaneous recording from extracellular and two or three intracellular electrodes. Nine penetrations of small cells were achieved. 2. Three large (80 x 120 micron) cells lie near the anterior end of the 5-mm main trunk; two large and four small (less than 50 micron) cells at the posterior end. Large-cell axons pass along the main trunk and then exit to innervate cardiac muscle; small-cell axons do not leave the ganglion. 3. The semi-isolated ganglion produces spontaneous electrical activity organized into regularly patterned, rhythmic bursts of large- and small-cell impulses recurring at rates of 0.3-0.6/s and lasting 500-800 ms. Small impulse activity commences and ends each burst. Small cells fire trains during the burst, but impulses are not synchronized among them. Large-cell trains are synchronous, are at about one-half the frequency, and have fewer impulses than small-cell trains. 4. Intracellular recordings from small cells show a slow, pacemaker depolarization from a maximum membrane potential of -54 mV leading with only a slight inflection at ca. -50 mV to a depolarized plateau at ca. -40 mV; nonovershooting impulses are superimposed on this but cease before it repolarizes. Impulses, therefore, arise at a site distant from the soma and do not invade it. Deflections suggesting synaptic potentials are not seen. 5. Intracellular recordings from large cells show complex depolarizations corresponding to extracellularly recorded bursts. These represent excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) corresponding with individual small-cell impulses, attenuated, non-overshooting spikes, and an underlying slow depolarization; usually no pacemaker depolarization is apparent between bursts. Chemically mediated transmission is probable for the EPSPs because they show delay, increase in amplitude with hyperpolarization, sometimes show facilitation, and are reduced in saline having one-third Ca, 3 x Mg. 6. EPSPs, impulses, and the slow depolarization occur synchronously among the large cells. Potentials recorded from posterior cells are attenuated and slower than those of the anterior cells. This is interpreted to reflect sites of occurrence more distant from the soma in the posterior than in the anterior cells. Impulses do not invade the somata. 7. Intracellular recordings from large-cell axons 4 mm from the soma show overshooting action potentials arising sharply from a base line. EPSPs are absent or highly attenuated and there is little underlying depolarization (less than 2 mV). 8. Current passing with electrodes intracellular to two cells has established directly that all large cells are electrotonically coupled and that an anterior cell and a small cell are coupled. Changes of burst rate during current passing into any large cell indicate that all large cells and small cells are electrotonically coupled. 9...
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Tazaki K,Cooke IMdoi
10.1152/jn.1979.42.4.975subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1979-07-01 00:00:00pages
975-99issue
4eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
42pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Sindbis viruses have been widely used in neurobiology to express a variety of genes in cultured neurons, in cultured slices, and in vivo. They provide fast onset and high levels of expression of foreign genes, but the expression is limited to a short time window due to a shut-off of host protein synthesis. We have use...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00464.2003
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent system, which innervates cochlear outer hair cells, suppresses cochlear responses. MOC-mediated suppression includes both slow and fast components, with time courses differing by three orders of magnitude. Pharmacological studies in anesthetized guinea pigs suggest that both slo...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.82.6.3168
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Skeletal muscle force can be transmitted to the skeleton, not only via its tendons of origin and insertion but also through connective tissues linking the muscle belly to surrounding structures. Through such epimuscular myofascial connections, length changes of a muscle may cause length changes within an adjacent musc...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00937.2015
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Squirrel monkeys were trained using newly developed visual-vestibular mismatch paradigms to test the asymmetrical simultaneous induction of vertical vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) gain changes in opposite directions (high and low) either in the upward and downward directions or in response to high- and low-frequency sti...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00698.2001
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Generalizing newly learned movement patterns beyond the training context is challenging for most motor learning situations. Here we tested whether learning of a new physical property of the arm during self-initiated reaching generalizes to new arm configurations. Human participants performed a single-joint elbow reach...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00696.2019
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptation of movement may be driven by the difference between planned and actual motor performance, or the difference between expected and actual sensory consequences of movement. To identify how the nervous system differentially uses these signals, we asked: does motor adaptation occur when movement errors are irrel...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00273.2011
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sound onsets are salient and behaviorally relevant, and most auditory neurons discharge spikes locked to such transients. The acoustic parameters of sound onsets that shape such onset responses are unknown. In this paper is analyzed the timing of spikes of single neurons in the primary auditory cortex of barbiturate-a...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.5.2616
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the specificity of fusimotor (gamma) drive during locomotion, gamma-efferents were recorded from the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) nerves in a decerebrate cat preparation. These nerves innervate hindlimb muscles that differ in some aspects of their mechanical action. For...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00917.2000
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The discharge of individual neurons in the visual cortex and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of anesthetized and paralyzed cats and kittens was examined for the presence of oscillatory activity. Neural firing was evoked through the monoptic or dichoptic presentation of drifting gratings and random sequences of fla...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1992.68.5.1558
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats typically employ 4- to 12-Hz "whisking" movements of their vibrissae during tactile exploration. The intentional sampling of signals in this frequency range suggests that neural processing of tactile information may be differentially engaged in this bandwidth. We examined action potential responses in rat primary...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01158.2002
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed synaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptor (AMPAR) properties during synaptogenesis to describe the development of individual glutamatergic synapses on rat hippocampal CA1 principal neurons. Pharmacologically isolated AMPAR-mediated glutamatergic synaptic currents [evoked by stimul...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00099.2010
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Successful negotiation of obstacles during walking relies on the integration of visual information about the environment with ongoing locomotor commands. When information about the body and the environment is removed through occlusion of the lower visual field, individuals increase downward head pitch angle, reduce fo...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00931.2017
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The synaptic plasticity literature has focused on establishing necessity and sufficiency as two essential and distinct features in causally relating a signaling molecule to plasticity induction, an approach that has been surprisingly lacking in the intrinsic plasticity literature. In this study, we complemented the re...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00833.2014
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Annexin I is a local mediator in neural-endocrine feedback control of inflammation. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 3120-3126, 1998. Activation of primary afferent nociceptors induces a neural endocrine-mediated inhibition of the inflammatory response via a circuit that includes ascending spinal pathways and activation of the hy...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.6.3120
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::During walking, maintenance and coordination of activity in leg motoneurons requires intersegmental signal transfer. In a semi-intact preparation of the stick insect, we studied membrane potential modulations in mesothoracic (middle leg) motoneurons and local premotor nonspiking interneurons that were induced by stepp...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00493.2005
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The dentate gyrus fails to develop epileptiform activity in many experimental models of epilepsy, including the in vitro low-Ca2+ model. Although manipulating the K+ concentration or osmolality of normal low-Ca2+ perfusion mediums can enhance the propensity of the dentate gyrus to develop seizure activity, the spec...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.74.1.388
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the mechanisms underlying milk-ejection bursts of oxytocin (OT) neurons during suckling, both in vivo and in vitro studies were performed on supraoptic OT neurons from lactating rats. The bursts were first recorded extracellularly in anesthetized rats. Burst-related electrical parameters were essentially th...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00697.2003
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. A characteristic plateau pattern was observed in the rate of afferent discharges during ramp-and-hold stretch of spindles isolated from semitendinosus muscles of frogs. The plateau pattern was more frequent in summer frogs (84%) than winter frogs (11%). 2. The plateau pattern consisted of a discharge rate around 12...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.1.275
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of these studies was to determine the role of gracile nucleus and the effects of l-arginine-derived nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in the nucleus on the cardiovascular responses to electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of "Zusanli" (ST36). Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were monitored during EA stimulat...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00170.2003
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cognitive and motor deficits associated with language and speech are seen in humans harboring FOXP2 mutations. The neural bases for FOXP2 mutation-related deficits are thought to reside in structural abnormalities distributed across systems important for language and motor learning including the cerebral cortex, basal...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90415.2008
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied how rewards modulate the occurrence of microsaccades by manipulating the size of an expected reward and the location of the cue that sets the expectations for future reward. We found an interaction between the size of the reward and the location of the cue. When monkeys fixated on a cue that signaled t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00401.2015
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We recorded single-unit activity of 25 units in the parafoveal representation of macaque V1 to transient appearance of sinusoidal gratings. Gratings were systematically varied in spatial phase and in one or two of the following: contrast, spatial frequency, and orientation. Individual responses were compared based on ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.2.554
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We present a new mathematical description of the complete distribution of electrical responses to stochastic synaptic activity (quantal analysis) that is intended as a model of experiments on central neuronal synapses. Unlike previous treatments, this distribution is calculated for each instant after the release of...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.72.3.1395
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the orbitofrontal olfactory area (LPOF) which was delineated in a previous paper, the capacity for odor discrimination was studied and compared with that in the anterior pyriform cortex (AP), the medial portion of the amygdala (MA), and the olfactory bulb (OB). Unanesthetized monkeys were used and eight odors were ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1975.38.5.1284
更新日期:1975-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cholinergic signaling coupled to sensory-driven neuronal depolarization is essential for modulating lasting changes in deep-layer neural excitability and experience-dependent plasticity in the primary auditory cortex. However, the underlying cellular mechanism(s) associated with coincident cholinergic receptor activat...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00184.2019
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Intracellular recordings from CA1 pyramidal neurons in the rat hippocampal slice have been used to study synaptic transmission after maximal orthodromic stimulation of the Schaffer collateral-commissural fibers. Paired-pulse stimulation was used to investigate how the first (conditioning) stimulation influenced the...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1991.66.5.1704
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A single bout of aerobic exercise improves executive function; however, the mechanism for the improvement remains unclear. One proposal asserts that an exercise-mediated increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) enhances the efficiency of executive-related cortical structures. To examine this, participants completed separ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00240.2020
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent findings indicate that monkeys can report their confidence in perceptual decisions and that this information is encoded in neurons involved in making decisions, including the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) and the supplementary eye field (SEF). A key issue to consider when studying confidence is that decision...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00152.2018
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Over two thirds of caudal medullary raphespinal neurons respond to electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve, and it has been suggested that these neurons may participate in the generation of vestibulospinal and vestibulosympathetic reflexes. The objective of the present study was to determine which vestibular...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.3.938
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that successively presented sounds that are perceived as separate auditory streams are represented by separate populations of neurons. Mostly, spectral separation in different peripheral filters has been identified as the cue for segregation. However, stream segregation based on temporal cues is ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00496.2010
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00