Designer cellulosomes for enhanced hydrolysis of cellulosic substrates.

abstract：:This chapter described the preparation and fractionation of libraries of M13 phage displaying proteins as fusions to the major coat protein. High titer (10(13) pfu/ml) phage libraries can readily be generated using a single vector and the level of display surpasses that of gene III fusion phage. Since the synthetic VI...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Roberts BL,Markland W,Ladner RC

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the early days of cell volume regulation research, the role of actin cytoskeleton organization and rearrangement has attracted specific interest. Rapid modifications in actin dynamics and architecture have been described. They were shown to regulate cell volume changes, as well as regulatory volume decrease in a...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Papakonstanti EA,Stournaras C

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A fundamental function of the vasculature is to deliver oxygen to tissues and organs. The cells that make up the vasculature also require oxygen, and are acted upon by oxygen in direct and indirect ways that can have significant effects on acute and chronic vascular function and morphology. The role that oxygen, or it...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Huang Y,Giordano FJ

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because polysaccharides have very complicated chemical structures constructed by a great diversity of monosaccharide residues and glycosidic linkages, enzymatic approaches have been identified as powerful tools to precisely synthesize polysaccharides as the reactions progress in highly controlled regio- and stereoarra...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Kadokawa JI

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:β-arrestins (βarrs) are multifunctional proteins that interact with activated and phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to regulate their signaling and trafficking. Understanding the intricate details of GPCR-βarr interaction continues to be a key research area in the field of GPCR biology. Bimane fluores...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Srivastava A,Baidya M,Dwivedi-Agnihotri H,Shukla AK

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is a versatile tool for studying biomolecules in a quantitative manner. Multiple conformations within and interactions between biomolecules can be detected and their kinetics can be determined. Thus, smFRET has become an essential tool in enzymology. Ordinary ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Götz M,Wortmann P,Schmid S,Hugel T

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increasing numbers of compounds, previously classified as antagonists, were shown to inhibit this spontaneous or constitutive receptor activity, instead of leave it unaffected as expected for a formal antagonist. In addition, some other antagonists did not have any effect by themselves, but prevented the inhibition of...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Taira CA,Monczor F,Höcht C

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins perform crucial roles in regulating the biology of the cell. PTMs are enzymatic, covalent chemical modifications of proteins that typically occur after the translation of mRNAs. These modifications are relevant because they can potentially change a protein's physical ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Farley AR,Link AJ

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aminocoumarin antibiotics novobiocin, clorobiocin and coumermycin A(1) are formed by different Streptomyces strains and are potent inhibitors of bacterial gyrase. Their biosynthetic gene clusters have been analyzed in detail by genetic and biochemical investigations. Heterologous expression of these gene clusters ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Heide L

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Membrane fission, which divides membrane surfaces into separate compartments, is essential to diverse cellular processes including membrane trafficking and cell division. Quantitative assays are needed to elucidate the physical mechanisms by which proteins drive membrane fission. Toward this goal, several experimental...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Snead WT,Stachowiak JC

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Modular calcium-dependent carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of mammalian glycan-binding receptors (C-type lectins), engineered to have novel glycan-binding selectivity, have been developed as tools for the study of glycans on cell surfaces. Structure-based specificity swapping between domains can be complemented...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Powlesland AS,Quintero-Martinez A,Lim PG,Pipirou Z,Taylor ME,Drickamer K

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cryptococcus neoformans is a yeastlike fungus that causes a lethal meningoencephalitis in a broad spectrum of immunocompromised patients and has become the most common cause of meningitis due to AIDS-related infections in Africa. Key to the development of new agents to control and prevent this infection is the identif...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Hu G,Gibbons J,Williamson PR

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oligomerization is a frequently encountered physical characteristic of biological molecules that occurs for a wide number of transcription factors, ion channels, oxygen-carrying macromolecules such as hemocyanin and enzymes. On the other hand, unwanted protein oligomerization can lead to the formation of pathogenic st...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Barranco-Medina S,Dietz KJ

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed an array-based whole-genome genotyping (WGG) assay (Infinium) using our BeadChip platform that effectively enables unlimited multiplexing and unconstrained single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) selection. A single tube whole-genome amplification reaction is used to amplify the genome, and loci of inte...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Gunderson KL,Steemers FJ,Ren H,Ng P,Zhou L,Tsan C,Chang W,Bullis D,Musmacker J,King C,Lebruska LL,Barker D,Oliphant A,Kuhn KM,Shen R

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Retinoic acid (RA), the biologically active metabolite of vitamin A, regulates a vast spectrum of biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and morphogenesis. microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression by binding to messenger RNA (mRNA) which leads to mRNA ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Wang L,Rohatgi AP,Wan YY

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adenoviral vectors expressing vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (VPF/VEGF, VEGF-A(164)) offer a powerful method for elucidating the mechanisms of pathological angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and for evaluating the effectiveness of pro- and anti-angiogenesis therapies. When injected int...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Nagy JA,Shih SC,Wong WH,Dvorak AM,Dvorak HF

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anomalous small angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS) exploits contrast variation methods to highlight the scattering from one elemental component in a multielement sample, such as one ion species in an ion-DNA system. The ASAXS method has been applied to measure ions condensed around short nucleic acid duplexes. This chapte...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Pabit SA,Finkelstein KD,Pollack L

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T lymphocytes express on their surface a heterodimeric αβ receptor, called the T cell receptor (TCR), which recognizes foreign antigens. Unlike antibodies, the recognition requires both an antigenic peptide epitope and a protein encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). In contrast to conventional antibod...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Stone JD,Chervin AS,Aggen DH,Kranz DM

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:By far the highest resolution of all separation techniques for intact proteins in a single analytical run continues to be by the combination of isoelectric focusing (IEF) and SDS-PAGE, originally introduced by O'Farrell [(1975). J. Biol. Chem.250, 4007-4021]. This analytical platform has seen a number of significant a...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Friedman DB,Hoving S,Westermeier R

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The microbial production of commodity, fine, and specialty chemicals is a driving force in biotechnology. An essential requirement is to introduce biosynthetic pathways to the target compound(s) into chassis organisms. First suitable enzymes must be selected and characterized, and then genetic pathways must be designe...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Robinson CJ,Dunstan MS,Swainston N,Titchmarsh J,Takano E,Scrutton NS,Jervis AJ

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Integrin adhesion receptors mediate cell-cell and cell-substratum adhesion and provide a continuous link for the bidirectional transmission of mechanical force and biochemical signals across the plasma membrane. Integrin-dependent cellular activities such as adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival rely upon t...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Lad Y,Harburger DS,Calderwood DA

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This chapter provides the methodologies employed to study the polymorphism of human apoE. These and other related studies have advanced our understanding of the structure and function of this protein as follows: The complex array of human apoE observed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis results from genetic variat...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Zannis VI

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peptide-based strategies represent transformative approaches to fabricate functional inorganic materials under sustainable conditions by modeling the methods exploited in biology. In general, peptides with inorganic affinity and specificity have been isolated from organisms and through biocombinatorial selection techn...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Bedford NM,Munro CJ,Knecht MR

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The lung is composed of two major anatomically distinct regions-the conducting airways and gas-exchanging airspaces. From a cell biology standpoint, the conducting airways can be further divided into two major compartments, the tracheobronchial and bronchiolar airways, while the alveolar regions of the lung make up th...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Liu X,Driskell RR,Engelhardt JF

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Organ-specific delivery of biofunctional agents is thought to enhance their activity and to reduce their side effects. Liposomes have been used as drug carriers in cancer chemotherapy, since they accumulate passively in tumor tissues due to an enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. In addition, modification...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Asai T,Oku N

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Family 3 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM3s) are among the most distinctive, diverse, and robust. CBM3s, which are numerous components of both free cellulases and cellulosomes, bind tightly to crystalline cellulose, and thus play a key role in cellulose degradation through their substrate targeting capacity. In addit...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Yaniv O,Frolow F,Levy-Assraf M,Lamed R,Bayer EA

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Given the increasing evidence of oxidative stress in AD brain and studies from different perspectives that appear to show a converging, central role for A beta in the pathogenesis and etiology of AD, insight into A beta-associated free radical oxidative stress will likely lead to a greater understanding of AD and, pot...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Butterfield DA,Yatin SM,Varadarajan S,Koppal T

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary mixed liver cells were isolated from rats that had been fed an amino acid (AA) diet in which natural protein was replaced with a defined mixture of pure AAs. Nitric oxide (NO) production from these cells in vitro was monitored using a nitric oxide (NO)-selective fluorescent probe, diaminofluorescein, followed ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Kotake Y,Kishida H,Nakae D,Floyd RA

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbes are now well recognized as major drivers of the biogeochemical cycling that fuels the Earth, and their viruses (phages) are known to be abundant and important in microbial mortality, horizontal gene transfer, and modulating microbial metabolic output. Investigation of environmental phages has been frustrated ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Solonenko SA,Sullivan MB

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methane production and consumption in anaerobic marine sediments is catalyzed by a series of reversible tetrahydromethanopterin (H(4)MPT)-linked C1 transfer reactions. Although many of these reactions are conserved between one-carbon compound utilizing microorganisms, two remain diagnostic for archaeal methane metabol...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Hallam SJ,Pagé AP,Constan L,Song YC,Norbeck AD,Brewer H,Pasa-Tolic L

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00