Deep brain stimulation for cerebral palsy: where are we now?

Abstract:

:Cerebral palsy (CP) is a complex disorder and children frequently have multiple impairments. Dystonia is a particularly frustrating impairment that interferes with rehabilitation and function and is difficult to treat. Of the available treatments, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as an option with the potential for large effect size in a subgroup of children. While brain stimulation has been used in CP for more than 40 years, modern devices and targeting methods are improving both the safety and efficacy of the procedure. Successful use of DBS depends on appropriate selection of patients, identification of effective neuroanatomical targets in each patient, careful neurosurgical procedure, and detailed follow-up evaluation and programming. The use of functional neurosurgery for neuromodulation in CP remains a technology in its infancy, but improving experience and knowledge are likely to make this one of the safest and most effective interventions for children with moderate-to-severe motor disorders. This review summarizes the current procedures for patient and target selection, and surgical implantation of DBS electrodes for CP. The history of DBS and future directions when used in secondary dystonia are also examined. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Selection of candidates for deep brain stimulation (DBS) requires understanding of dystonia in cerebral palsy . DBS could become a first-line treatment option in some children. :ESTIMULACIÓN CEREBRAL PROFUNDA PARA LA PARÁLISIS CEREBRAL: ¿DÓNDE ESTAMOS AHORA?: La parálisis cerebral (PC) es un trastorno complejo y los niños con frecuencia tienen discapacidades múltiples. La distonía es un deterioro particularmente frustrante que interfiere con la rehabilitación y la función y es difícil de tratar. De los tratamientos disponibles, la estimulación cerebral profunda (DBS, por sus siglas en inglés - deep brain stimulation) ha surgido como una opción con el potencial de un gran tamaño de efecto en un subgrupo de niños. Si bien la estimulación cerebral se ha utilizado en PC durante más de 40 años, los dispositivos modernos y los métodos de detección están mejorando tanto la seguridad como la eficacia del procedimiento. El uso exitoso de la DBS depende de la selección apropiada de los pacientes, la identificación de objetivos neuroanatómicos efectivos en cada paciente, el procedimiento neuroquirúrgico cuidadoso y la evaluación y programación de seguimiento detalladas. El uso de la neurocirugía funcional para la neuromodulación en la PC sigue siendo una tecnología en su infancia, pero es probable que la mejora de la experiencia y los conocimientos hagan de esta una de las intervenciones más seguras y efectivas para los niños con trastornos motores de moderados a graves. Esta revisión resume los procedimientos actuales para la selección de pacientes y objetivos, y la implantación quirúrgica de electrodos DBS para PC. La historia de DBS y las direcciones futuras cuando se utilizan en la distonía secundaria también se examinan. :ESTIMULAÇÃO CEREBRAL PROFUNDA PARA PARALISIA CEREBRAL: ONDE ESTAMOS AGORA?: Paralisia cerebral (PC) é uma desordem complexa e crianças frequentemente apresentam múltiplas deficiências. A distonia é uma deficiência particularmente frustrante que interfere com a reabilitação e função, e é difícil de tratar. Dentre dos tratamentos disponíveis, a estimulação cerebral profunda (ECP) emergiu como uma opção com potencial de grande tamanho de efeito em um subgrupo de crianças. Embora a estimulação cerebral seja usada em PC há mais de 40 anos, dispositivos modernos e métodos de identificação de áreas alvo tem melhorado tanto a segurança quanto a eficácia do procedimento. O uso bem sucedido da ECP depende da seleção apropriada dos pacientes, identificação dos alvos neuroanatômicos efetivos para cada paciente, procedimento neurocirúrgico cuidadoso, e avaliação e programação detalhadas no acompanhamento. O uso de neurocirurgia funcional para neuromodulação em PC ainda é uma tecnologia iniciante, mas a crescente experiência e conhecimento provavelmente farão dela uma das mais seguras e efetivas intervenções para crianças com transtornos motores de moderados a severos. Esta revisão sintetiza os procedimentos atuais para seleção de pacientes e alvos, e a implantação cirúrgica de eletrodos de ECP para PC. A história da ECP e direções futuras, quando usados em distonia secundária, também são examinados.

journal_name

Dev Med Child Neurol

authors

Sanger TD

doi

10.1111/dmcn.14295

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-01-01 00:00:00

pages

28-33

issue

1

eissn

0012-1622

issn

1469-8749

journal_volume

62

pub_type

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