Abstract：
:The fruitless search for the cause of Crohn's disease has been conducted for more than a century. Various theories, including autoimmunity, mycobacterial infection and aberrant response to food and other ingested materials, have been abandoned for lack of robust proof. This review will provide the evidence, obtained from patients with this condition, that the common predisposition to Crohn's is a failure of the acute inflammatory response to tissue damage. This acute inflammation normally attracts large numbers of neutrophil leucocytes which engulf and clear bacteria and autologous debris from the inflamed site. The underlying predisposition in Crohn's disease is unmasked by damage to the bowel mucosa, predominantly through infection, which allows faecal bowel contents access to the vulnerable tissues within. Consequent upon failure of the clearance of these infectious and antigenic intestinal contents, it becomes contained, leading to a chronic granulomatous inflammation, producing cytokine release, local tissue damage and systemic symptoms. Multiple molecular pathologies extending across the whole spectrum of the acute inflammatory and innate immune response lead to the common predisposition in which defective monocyte and macrophage function plays a central role. Family linkage and exome sequencing together with GWAS have identified some of the molecules involved, including receptors, molecules involved in vesicle trafficking, and effector cells. Current therapy is immunosuppressant, which controls the symptoms but accentuates the underlying problem, which can only logically be tackled by correcting the primary lesion/s by gene therapy or genome editing, or through the development of drugs that stimulate innate immunity.
journal_name
J Intern Medjournal_title
Journal of internal medicineauthors
Segal AWdoi
10.1111/joim.12945subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-10-01 00:00:00pages
373-388issue
4eissn
0954-6820issn
1365-2796journal_volume
286pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：OBJECTIVES:The mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) is exceptionally low in northernmost Finland, the Sámi (formerly known as Lapp) area. To clarify the reasons for this, the levels of serum cholesterol, other classic risk factors, and major antioxidants, alpha-tocopherol, retinol, albumin and selenium were dete...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1995.tb01139.x
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The link between inflammation and metabolism was apparent already early last century, but has recently been revitalized following molecular studies of atherosclerosis, obesity and insulin resistance. A growing list of nuclear receptors, pivotal players in lipid, xenobiotic and energy metabolism has been identified as ...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.01964.x
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:the results of experimental studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency activates the renin-angiotensin system and predisposes to hypertension. Results of previous epidemiological studies investigating the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status and hypertension have not been consistent, perha...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02309.x
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:It has been hypothesized that epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) exerts pathogenic effects on cardiac structures. We analysed the associations between EAT and both cardiovascular (CV) disease risk factors and CV events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). PATIENTS AND METHODS:We included 277 nondialy...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joim.12344
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcium is important for bone health. It has been customary to focus on dietary calcium intake, but of central importance for the body needs in the individual patient is the actual calcium absorption. This absorption consists of an active vitamin D-mediated component and a passive diffusional component. A number of di...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1992.tb00519.x
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The relationship between physical activity and cognitive function is intriguing but controversial. We performed a systematic meta-analysis of all the available prospective studies that investigated the association between physical activity and risk of cognitive decline in nondemented subjects. METHODS:We con...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02281.x
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:A significant proportion of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) also have postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). We aimed to characterize these patients and differentiate them from CFS patients without POTS in terms of clinical and autonomic features. METHODS:A total of 179 patients with...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joim.12022
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Apart from being an acute phase reactant, fibrinogen appears to play an important although not widely recognized role in athero-/thrombogenesis. Arteriosclerotic diseases are associated with elevated levels of plasma fibrinogen. Strategies that lower the cardiovascular risk also lower fibrinogen levels. Virtually all ...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00174.x
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sepsis is a major clinical problem in intensive care. The mortality in septic shock is high, and predominantly due to cardiovascular collapse and multiple organ dysfunction. In sepsis high levels of circulating hyaluronan have been found, correlating to disease severity and prognosis. The reason behind the increased l...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2796.1997.00177.x
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the period 1974-1983, Yersinia enterocolitica infection was diagnosed in 458 hospitalized patients by antibody response or isolation of the micro-organism. Eight (1.75%) patients showed signs of acute pancreatitis with elevated serum or urine levels of amylase; two patients had acute insulin-dependent diabetes....
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1992.tb00970.x
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eleven cases of acetazolamide-associated aplastic anaemia were reported in Sweden during a 17-year period. There were six women and five men with a median age of 71 years (range 63-85 years). The median dose of acetazolamide was 500 mg, and the median duration of treatment was 3 months (range 2-71 months). Ten of the ...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00290.x
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To examine whether intermittent oral 1 alpha(OH)D3 treatment of patients on haemodialysis with secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) was able to maintain the marked suppression of PTH, which previously had been induced by an intermittent intravenous administration of 1 alpha(OH)D3. Simultaneously, the effect o...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2796.1996.469810000.x
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To compare foreign- and Swedish-born diabetic subjects regarding health care utilization, complications, clinical and socio-economic characteristics. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study. SETTING:All known diabetic patients living in six defined primary health care districts. SUBJECTS:Of 1861 identified subjects ...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2796.1997.00161.x
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A major challenge in the growing field of bioelectronic medicine is the development of tissue interface technologies promoting device integration with biological tissues. Materials based on organic bioelectronics show great promise due to a unique combination of electronic and ionic conductivity properties. In this re...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/joim.12595
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Findings from animal studies indicate that growth hormone (GH) may stimulate the production of the putative metabolic regulator fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). We investigated whether circulating FGF21 levels are altered in patients with GH deficiency and characterized how levels of this growth factor ar...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1111/joim.12112
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To examine the occurrence over time of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to different definitions and the relation to change during follow-up in carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), measured by ultrasound. DESIGN:A cohort of 316, originally 58-year-old men, initially free of diabetes and cardi...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2005.01511.x
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To develop a method to evaluate routine management practices concerning lipid-lowering treatment in patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in a large geographic area. DESIGN:A register-based study linking information on IHD with cholesterol levels and prescriptions on lipid-lowering medications by perso...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2003.01299.x
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the clinic, obesity and anorexia constitute prevalent problems whose manifestations are encountered in virtually every field of medicine. However, as the command centre for regulating food intake and energy metabolism is located in the brain, the basic neuroscientist sees in the same disorders malfunctions of a mod...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2005.01553.x
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The original definition of microalbuminuria (20-200 microg min-1 or 15-150 microg min-1 overnight) is based on studies of patients with diabetes, in whom microalbuminuria was associated with increased risk of chronic renal failure. In a recent report an overnight urinary albumin excretion (UAE) above only 5 ...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01679.x
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the impact of delay in emergency department (ED) on outcome of critically ill patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU). Outcome was defined as hospital mortality and as health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at 6 months after intensive care assessed by the 15D measure. The 15D is ...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01716.x
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Current strategies for prevention of cardiovascular disease focus on risk factor intervention. Although these have been proven both safe and effective results from randomized clinical trials suggest that it is difficult to achieve relative risk reductions exceeding 40% with this approach. To further improve efficacy f...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02150.x
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A total of 1280 80-year-old men were invited to a medical examination to study common risk indicators for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the elderly. From the pool of 811 responders (63.3%), all 122 individuals who fulfilled our inclusion criteria were assigned to one of four groups: (1) no CVD, non-smokers; (2) no C...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00185.x
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Millions of people worldwide receive agents targeting the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) to treat hypertension or statins to lower cholesterol. The RAS and cholesterol metabolic pathways in the brain are autonomous from their systemic counterparts and are interrelated through the cholesterol metabolite 27-hydroxychole...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/joim.12838
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Few studies have simultaneously analysed the influence of elevated serum uric acid (UA) on acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke (IS, HS) and congestive heart failure (CHF) in large healthy populations. We, here, examine UA as a risk factor for AMI, stroke and CHF by age and ge...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02133.x
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although numerous multicentre studies have estimated the association between ozone exposure and mortality, there are currently no nationally representative multicentre studies of the ozone-mortality relationship in China. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect on total (nonaccidental) and cause-specific mortal...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,多中心研究
doi：10.1111/joim.12724
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Renewed interest in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins as causative agents in cardiovascular disease mandates further exploration of the integrated metabolism of chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). METHODS:Novel tracer techniques and an integrated multi-compartmental model were used to determ...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joim.13017
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to study the influence of fish oil on CyA-induced renal dysfunction, 13 patients with psoriasis (CyA group) received cyclosporin A (CyA) alone, and seven patients (CyA/EPA + DHA group) received a combination of cyclosporin A and fish oil (6g eicosapentaenoic acid, C20:5 omega-3, and docosahexaenoic acid, C22:...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1989.tb01421.x
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the prognostic value of exercise testing performed soon after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients treated with thrombolytic therapy. DESIGN:A 1-year prospective follow-up of 185 subjects treated with thrombolytic therapy who survived AMI, and who performed exercise testing 3 weeks afte...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1994.tb00841.x
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fifty consecutive patients with confirmed PCP received a high dose of cotrimoxazole for 14 d, or until development of intolerance, directly followed by reduced dose maintenance therapy. Seven individuals died during the high dose course. Twenty (47%) of the 43 survivors showed toxicity reactions that necessitated dose...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00172.x
更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hyponatremia is a common feature of acute illness and associated with increased mortality. This may be explained by a stress-mediated activation of the vasopressin system with an increase in free-water reabsorption. OBJECTIVES:To investigate whether the association between hyponatremia and mortality could b...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1111/joim.12764
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
