Abstract:
:The present study, the ninth in a series that began in 1961, extends the time of surveillance 3 more years and covers the period 1950-1985. It is based on the recently revised doses, termed the DS86. The impact of the change from the T65D to the DS86 on the dose-response relationships for cancer mortality was described in the first of this series of reports. Here, the focus is on cancer mortality among the 76,000 A-bomb survivors within the LSS sample for whom DS86 doses have been estimated, with the emphasis on biological issues associated with radiation carcinogenesis. Briefly, the following is found: The excess in leukemia mortality has continued to decline with time, but remains slightly but significantly elevated in 1981-1985 in Hiroshima. For cancers other than leukemia, as a group, excess deaths continue to increase over time in direct proportion to the normal increase in natural cancer mortality with increasing age, and the relative risk seems unchanged over time within age ATB cohorts. The single exception is the cohort under 10 years of age ATB. Within this group of survivors, where the relative risk, although based on relatively few deaths, has been quite high at the higher doses, as judged by deaths before the age of 30, the risk has fallen and has remained fairly constant at a lower level thereafter. Thus the present analysis still supports, in the main, estimation of lifetime risk based on the assumption of a constant relative risk. For the same age ATD, both the relative and absolute risks are higher for younger age ATB cohorts than older ones for cancers other than leukemia. There is no statistically significant difference in excess deaths between males and females except for leukemia, though the relative risk is higher for females than for males, significantly so for cancers of the esophagus and lung, reflecting the higher background cancer rate for males. Significant dose responses are observed for leukemia, cancers of the esophagus, stomach, colon, lung, breast, ovary, and urinary bladder and multiple myeloma, as previously observed. No significant increase is demonstrable as yet for cancers of the rectum, gallbladder, pancreas, uterus, and prostate and malignant lymphoma. In the present report, cancers of the bone, pharynx, nose, and larynx, and skin except melanoma are also examined, but none of these sites show a significant increase with dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
journal_name
Radiat Resjournal_title
Radiation researchauthors
Shimizu Y,Kato H,Schull WJsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-02-01 00:00:00pages
120-41issue
2eissn
0033-7587issn
1938-5404journal_volume
121pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Very low doses of ionizing radiation, 5 to 100 mGy, can induce adaptive responses characterized by elevation in cell survival and reduction in micronuclei formation. Utilizing these end points, RKO human colon carcinoma and transformed mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF), wild-type or knockout cells missing TNF receptors 1...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR3126.2
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/0033-7587(2000)154[0094:roxosi]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The molecular basis of radiotherapy-related multidrug resistance (MDR) is still unclear. Here we report on a study investigating the effect of fractionated irradiation on expression of the MDR-associated proteins P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), and lung resistance-related protein ...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR0986.1
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two very different techniques for measuring the energy of neutrons in the energy range 0.1-10 MeV are presented and compared. A recoil-proton spectrometer is used to determine the energy spectra of neutrons produced by the d(4)-Be and p(4)-Be reactions down to the low-energy threshold of 0.7 MeV. The same radiation fi...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) has lowered the dose limits for workers and for the general public exposed to ionizing radiation. Consequently, a reliable dosimetric method for monitoring possible radiation-induced damage is of great importance in radioprotection. The counting of dicentric ...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR3544.1
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The filter elution technique using nondenaturing conditions is widely used to assay DNA double-strand break (DSB) induction and repair. It has been reported that in the measurement of strand breaks higher rates of elution and of initial rejoining are obtained at pH 9.6 compared to pH 7.2. In the present experiments ne...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astronauts traveling outside Earth's magnetosphere risk exposure to charged particle radiation that may cause neurophysiological changes and behavioral deficits. Although proton particles comprise a large portion of the space radiation environment, little has been published on the effects of low-dose proton radiation ...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/rr13903.1
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular oxygen has long been recognized as a powerful radiosensitizer that enhances the cell-killing efficiency of ionizing radiation. Radiosensitization by oxygen occurs at very low concentrations with the half-maximum radiosensitization at approximately 3 mmHg. However, robust hypoxia-induced signal transduction c...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1667/RR13959.1
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between the intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentration and the aerobic radiation response was studied in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Various degrees of GSH depletion were produced by exposure to buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and/or diethyl maleate (DEM). Diethyl maleate did not act as a classical r...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the regeneration of rat thymus after sublethal X irradiation (6 Gy). The number of thymocytes was much lower on day 3 after irradiation, and many apoptotic cells were observed. However, by day 5, there had been a rapid proliferation of thymocytes. Since cytokines are considered to be important regulato...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/0033-7587(2002)157[0281:iaaicr]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/rr2855.1
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The binding kinetics of the hypoxia marker EF5 can be quantified by uptake of (14)C-labeled drug or calibrated flow cytometry using antibodies specific for drug adducts. Maximum EF5 binding is cell-line dependent and varies directly with drug exposure (area under the curve; concentration integrated over time) but inve...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR1305.1
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review was initiated in response to concerns that ionizing radiation could be a cause of melanoma. Studies presenting the relative risks for melanoma after external ionizing radiation exposure were in seven categories: (1) The Canadian Radiation Dose Registry, (2) nuclear industry workers, (3) subjects near nucle...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1667/rr3447.1
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential for radiogenic neoplasia from charged-particle irradiation has been estimated using the Harderian gland of the mouse as a test system. Particles ranging in Z from Z = 1 (proton) to Z = 41 (niobium), in energy from 228 to 670A MeV, and in LET from 0.4 to 464 keV/microns were produced at the Lawrence Berke...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To accurately quantify the number of single-strand breaks (SSBs) induced in plasmid DNA molecules after irradiation, a new type of assay methodology has been explored. The new method is based on the TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP nick end-labeling) assay that was adopted for use under ELISA (enzyme-l...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR1684.1
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isogenic Escherichia coli strains carrying single DNA-repair mutations were compared for their capacity for (i) the repair of X-ray-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) as measured using neutral sucrose gradients; (ii) medium-dependent resistance, i.e., a recA-dependent X-ray survival phenomenon that correlates clos...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluation of the probability of biological phenomena per cell by colony formation, requires knowledge not only of the number of cells at risk but also of their microdistribution. In the present study, the influence of cellular multiplicity (number of cells per potential colony-forming unit) on the determination of ra...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The alveolar type II cell is one of the critical cells for radiation damage in the lungs after inhalation of radioactive aerosols. With the aid of a Quantimet-970 image analyzer and a VAX-11/780 computer, we calculated the radiation dose to rat alveolar type II cells from alpha particles emitted by 239PuO2. A series o...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy using the protein-coding cytochrome b (Mtcyb) gene was assessed in laboratory mice (C57BL/6 and BALB/c) exposed to the Chernobyl environment. Subacute to subchronic (30-40 days) exposure resulted in a cumulative radiation dose of 1.2-1.6 Gy ( approximately 0.04 Gy/day). Mice were sampled...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/0033-7587(2003)159[0458:mdhilm]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A plasma membrane-rich fraction has been separated from liver cells and cells of two solid rat tumors. D23 hepatoma and MC7 sarcoma. On the basis of marker enzyme activity the membranes separating at the 31-41% interface on the discontinuous sucrose gradient were enriched 15- to 19-fold. No significant differences in ...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypoadrenocorticism, known as Addison's disease in humans, was diagnosed in six beagles after inhalation of at least 1.7 kBq/g lung of 238PuO2. Histological examination of adrenal gland specimens obtained at necropsy revealed marked adrenal cortical atrophy in all cases. Autoradiographs showed only slight alpha-partic...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deep underground laboratories (DULs) were originally created to host particle, astroparticle or nuclear physics experiments requiring a low-background environment with vastly reduced levels of cosmic-ray particle interference. More recently, the range of science projects requiring an underground experiment site has gr...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR15083.1
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three-dimensional treatment planning systems used extensively for external-beam treatments have recently been applied for use in brachytherapy. Localization of structures in 3D from imaging studies integrated into computerized systems for planning of implants and evaluation allows 3D dose distributions to be indexed t...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The threat of exposure to ionizing radiation from a nuclear reactor accident or deliberate terrorist actions is a significant public health concern. The lung is particularly susceptible to radiation-induced injury from external sources or inhalation of radioactive particles from radioactive fallout. Radiation-induced ...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR14686.1
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A biphasic curve was observed when surviving allogeneic lytic activity was plotted as a function of irradiation delivered before sensitization. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the number of cells was reduced in response to increasing dose and that subset precursors Lyt 1+2+ were proportionally more radiosens...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The induction of intracellular DNA strand breaks by X rays and various heavy charged particles was measured by the alkaline unwinding and alkaline and neutral filter elution techniques. No variations in strand break induction were found between the different cell lines under investigation. For a given particle, both t...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tissue oxygenation influences the radiation response of tumors. To further investigate the underlying mechanisms of tumor hypoxia, the spatial distribution of hypoxic cells in relation to the vasculature was studied. In a panel of three human glioma xenograft lines (E2, E102, E106) with different growth characteristic...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/0033-7587(2002)157[0626:qaovpo]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A formalism developed in the first paper in this series, based on the generalized Theory of Dual Radiation Action, is applied to survival data for cells exposed to soft X rays. It is shown that, in contrast to previous published analyses, this formalism--modified to account for the attenuation of dose across the sensi...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The capacity of plateau-phase Chinese hamster V79 and normal and transformed C3H-10T1/2 cells for repair of potentially lethal radiation damage (PLD) was evaluated for cells irradiated alone or given combined treatments of heat and radiation. The data show that all cell lines tested could repair PLD and that transform...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulse radiolysis and 60Co gamma radiolysis were used to study the effects of ionizing radiations on the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase. Hydroxyl radicals are considerably more effective than hydrated electrons in causing loss of enzymatic activity. Evidence is also presented that the free radical anions (SCN)-.2,...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00