Abstract:
PURPOSE:The continuous growth of antidepressant consumption and expenditure, especially for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), has led to the adoption of several policy measures directed toward cost control in Western countries. In Italy, copayment policies have been heterogeneously introduced at a regional level as part of a strategy designed to reduce drug consumption. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether regional copayment policies have affected trends in the consumption of and expenditure for SSRIs from 2001 to 2007. METHODS:The consumption of SSRIs was measured in terms of defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants (DDD/1000) per day from May 2001 to December 2007. Time trends in consumption and expenditure before and after the introduction of copayment policies were examined using segmented regression analysis of interrupted time-series, adjusting for seasonal components. The study was conducted for 17 regions, nine of which had implemented a copayment policy. RESULTS:The overall consumption of SSRIs in Italy increased during the study period, from a monthly consumption of 12.85 DDD/1000 per day in May 2001 to 23.40 DDD/1000 per day in December 2007. The average monthly increase in SSRI use was 0.82 % in regions with a copayment policy versus 0.77 % in regions without a copayment policy (P = 0.329). According to the multivariable analysis, copayment was associated with a 1 % reduction in the monthly growth rate of SSRI consumption (P = 0.01). The impact of copayment on expenditure was statistically significant (P < 0.005) on both the level and the trend, even though the estimate of the effect was negligible. CONCLUSIONS:The implementation of copayment policies in Italy affected both the use and expenditure of SSRIs between 2001 and 2007 to only to a minor extent.
journal_name
Eur J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
European journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Damiani G,Federico B,Silvestrini G,Bianchi CB,Anselmi A,Iodice L,Ronconi A,Navarra P,Da Cas R,Raschetti R,Ricciardi Wdoi
10.1007/s00228-012-1422-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-04-01 00:00:00pages
957-63issue
4eissn
0031-6970issn
1432-1041journal_volume
69pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To develop quality prescribing indicators for general practitioners (GPs) who are non-monitored and not included in pay-for-performance programs, and to determine compliance with incentivized and non-incentivized indicators. STUDY DESIGN:Descriptive cross sectional study. SETTING:Aljarafe Primary Health Car...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-013-1542-4
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A possible pharmacokinetic interaction between theophylline and repirinast has been investigated in asthmatic patients. The kinetics of theophylline was studied in seven adult in-patients given theophylline 400-800 mg b.d. alone and after three weeks of co-administration of repirinast. There was no effect on the kinet...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00679789
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of treatment with diflunisal on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of indomethacin has been studied in 16 healthy volunteers. The steady-state plasma concentration and AUC of indomethacin were significantly increased two- to threefold during treatment with diflunisal and its total clearance and total volume ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00558077
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The survival of esophageal and gastric cancer patients treated with chemotherapy is rarely assessed outside of clinical trials. Therefore, we compared the effectiveness of various curative or palliative chemotherapy regimens on the survival of esophageal and gastric cancer patients in a "real world" clinical se...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-020-02883-3
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics, hypotensive effect and tolerability of a new vasodilator, tolmesoxide (T), have been studied in 6 uncontrolled hypertensive patients receiving atenolol and diuretic. After a 50 mg oral dose mean (+/- SD) peak plasma concentration of T was 1.13 +/- 0.29 micrograms/ml-1 and occurred 0.79 +/- 0.40 h...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00568397
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of enprofylline, a new potent antiasthmatic, has been studied in 20 healthy, elderly subjects, aged 65 to 81 years, and in 7 young adult controls, aged 23 to 37 years. The dose of 1 mg/kg body weight was given as an i.v. infusion. Plasma levels of enprofylline were followed for about 7 h and urine...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00609959
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) seems to play a role in the carcinogenesis of colorectal tumors. The importance of MDR1 SNPs 2677G > T/A in exon 21 and 3435C > T in exon 26 for cancer susceptibility, however, has not yet been clearly defined. METHODS:Two hundred and eighty-five colorectal cancer patie...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-006-0225-9
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of cigarette smoking and gender on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol. Eighteen volunteers with no evidence of clinical disease each randomly received the following doses of metoprolol tartrate: 100 mg orally, 200 mg orally and 20 mg as a constant-rate intravenous...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00637630
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The plasma pharmacokinetics of adriamycin and 4'epi-adriamycin have been studied in 6 patients with ovarian carcinoma after simultaneous intravenous administration of equal amounts of the two anthracyclines. A highly selective liquid chromatographic analytical method permitted quantification of plasma concentrations o...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00542426
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A double blind, placebo-controlled study of the ventilatory effects of three new beta 1-selective adrenoceptor blockers was carried out in eight asthmatic patients. Measurements were performed before and 2, 3 and 4 h after ingestion of a single oral dose of placebo, atenolol 100 mg, metoprolol 100 mg or acebutolol 400...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00542093
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a double-blind controlled trial 22 patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension were treated with nicardipine 30 mg t.d.s. and 19 patients with propranolol 80 mg t.d.s. as monotherapy for 24 weeks. Blood pressure in both groups at the end of trial was equally and significantly reduced; systolic pressure 22...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00544554
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the usefulness of the 3-hydroxylation of quinine as a biomarker reaction for the activity of CYP3A4 in man and to study the interindividual variation in the metabolic ratio (MR), i.e. quinine/3-hydroxyquinine. METHODS:Data from a previous study (A) was used for determination of the MR of quini...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00228-003-0575-5
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The plasma pharmacokinetics of adriamycin has been studied in 21 cancer patients (31-85 years old) without liver tumours after short (3.00 min) and prolonged (45 min-16 h) i.v. infusions. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve and the maximum plasma concentration compensated for dose variation showed a mor...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00609693
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the aminopyrine breath test has received much attention, the question has not yet been settled whether pharmacological or tracer doses of the drug should be used. Nine volunteers were given 14C-aminopyrine 9 mg/kg or a tracer amount, in a randomized sequence and according to a crossover design. The specific a...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00609866
更新日期:1977-11-14 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Concomitant treatment with the glucose-lowering drug metformin and the platelet aggregation inhibitor dipyridamole often occurs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have suffered a cerebrovascular event. The gastrointestinal uptake of metformin is mediated by the human equilibrative nucleoside transpor...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00228-016-2039-8
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have evaluated the effects of repaglinide, a new non-sulphonylurea oral hypoglycaemic agent that has a stimulatory effect on insulin secretion. Forty-four patients with NIDDM, already treated with a sulphonylurea, took part in an open, randomised, group comparison study of 12 weeks duration, during which they recei...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00315490
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Psychotropic drug use among nursing home residents with regard to diagnostic indications and patient- and institution characteristics was analysed. METHODS:A cross-sectional study of medication data from 1552 residents at 23 nursing homes in Bergen, Norway, was performed. Psychotropic drug use (neuroleptics,...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002280100348
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a double-blind cross-over study bepridil 900 mg followed by 300 mg daily for 11 days was given to 37 insulin (Type I) or non-insulin (Type II)-dependent diabetic patients. It did not modify the metabolic control of the patients as levels of glucose in blood and urine, doses of insulin and oral hypoglycaemic drugs, ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00540947
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The duration and extent of cardiac beta-blockade and their relationship to propranolol pharmacokinetics were assessed in nine healthy volunteers. Each subject received 160 mg of regular propranolol (R), 160 mg of sustained-release propranolol (SR) and no drug (control), both as single doses and once daily for 7 days. ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00637569
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of ethanol intake on disopyramide elimination was examined in an open crossover study in six healthy volunteers. No effect of ethanol on the elimination half-life or total body clearance of disopyramide was found, although it did decrease the percentage of mono-N-dealkylated disopyramide excreted in the uri...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00544024
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) expression has association with tumor malignancy. In thyroid cancers, FGFR4 has been reported to be characteristically expressed in aggressive thyroid tumors, such as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). METHODS:We investigated FGFR4 expression in patients with ATC an...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-020-02842-y
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study, the plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels of nine young and ten elderly hypertensive patients were compared after placebo and after treatment with 120 mg verapamil given three times daily over 4 weeks. During placebo, plasma ANP levels proved to be highe...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF01409206
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe and compare the distribution of prescribed drugs in diabetic patients between 1992 and 1995. METHODS:Two cross-sectional surveys of a random selection of medical records of diabetic patients, from three community health centres (CHCs) in the Stockholm metropolitan area, were carried out. The age ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002280050285
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A questionnaire survey was carried out to explore differences in the approach to treatment of patients with Type II diabetes between physicians in Northern Ireland, Norway and Sweden, and to discover to what extent it could account for the three-fold difference in drug use between the countries. A representative sampl...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00542408
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of propafenone and 5-OH-propafenone and their relationship with the antiarrhythmic action and side effects have been studied in 10 patients with stable, frequent, premature ventricular beats (224-928 premature ventricular complexes/h). Observations were made after a single dose of propafenone 300 ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00614557
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The study aims to analyse overall as well as subgroup-specific outpatient paediatric macrolide use in five European countries, including time trends of macrolide prescription rates, and to provide potential targets for future interventions aiming to promote judicious macrolide use. METHODS:Macrolide prescripti...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-015-1870-7
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To develop a limited sampling strategy (LSS) to predict area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) ratios of omeprazole (AUC(OPZ)) to its metabolites 5-hydroxyomeprazole (AUC(5OH)) and omeprazole sulfone (AUC(SUL)) as phenotyping parameters for cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 and 3A. METHODS:Data were obtained f...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-011-1136-y
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study we have investigated the effect of co-dergocrine, a selective DA2-agonist, on plasma aldosterone concentrations (PAC) in twelve patients with essential hypertension both in basal conditions and during sodium depletion. Sodium depletion resulted in an increase of PAC from 38 (13) pg/ml to 297 (21) pg/ml. ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00558273
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Verapamil, 0.1 mg/kg body wt, was injected i.v. over 2 minutes in 8 subjectively healthy middle-aged men, followed by a continuous infusion of 0.007 mg/kg body wt per minute. Prior to the injection several of the subjects had raised pulmonary or systemic arterial pressures. At rest, the central pressures increased sli...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00562656
更新日期:1975-06-13 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Our aim was to observe the impact of CYP3A4*1G genetic polymorphism on lipid-lowering efficacy of statins. METHODS:We studied 217 unrelated hyperlipidemic patients who prospectively received atorvastatin and 199 patients who received simvastatin as a single-agent therapy (20 mg day(-1) p.o.) for 4 weeks. Genot...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-008-0502-x
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00