Abstract:
PURPOSE:To determine if there is a benefit to adjuvant intrastromal voriconazole (ISV) injections for primary treatment of filamentous fungal keratitis. DESIGN:Outcome-masked, randomized controlled clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS:Patients with moderate vision loss resulting from a smear-positive fungal ulcer. METHODS:Study eyes were randomized to topical natamycin plus ISV injection versus topical natamycin alone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The primary outcome of the trial was microbiological cure on 3-day repeat culture analysis. Secondary outcomes included microbiological cure on 7-day repeat culture analysis; 3-week and 3-month best spectacle-corrected visual acuity; infiltrate or scar size or both; rate of perforation; therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (TPK); and other adverse events. RESULTS:A total of 151 patients with smear-positive ulcers were screened and 70 were enrolled at Aravind Eye Hospital, Pondicherry, India. Baseline cultures grew Fusarium in 19 samples (27%), Aspergillus in 17 samples (24%), and other filamentous fungi in 19 samples (27%) and showed negative results in 13 samples (19%). Those randomized to ISV injection had 1.82 times the odds of 3-day culture positivity after controlling for baseline culture status (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-5.23; P = 0.26, bias-corrected logistic regression) and 1.98 times the odds of positive 7-day culture results, after controlling for baseline culture status (95% CI, 0.69-5.91; P = 0.20, bias-corrected logistic regression). Those randomized to ISV injection showed 0.5 logMAR lines (approximately 0.5 Snellen lines) of decreased visual acuity (95% CI, -2.6 to 3.6 lines; P = 0.75) and 0.55 mm worse infiltrate or scar size or both at 3 months after controlling for baseline values (95% CI, -0.13 to 1.25; P = 0.11). Intrastromal voriconazole injections showed a 2.85-fold increased hazard of perforation after controlling for baseline infiltrate depth (95% CI, 0.76-10.75; P = 0.12) but no difference in the rate of TPK (hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.44-2.04; P = 0.90). CONCLUSIONS:There seems to be no benefit to adding ISV injections to topical natamycin in the primary treatment of moderate to severe filamentous fungal ulcers. Studies consistently suggest that voriconazole has a limited role in the treatment of filamentous fungal ulcers.
journal_name
Ophthalmologyjournal_title
Ophthalmologyauthors
Narayana S,Krishnan T,Ramakrishnan S,Samantaray PP,Austin A,Pickel J,Porco T,Lietman T,Rose-Nussbaumer Jdoi
10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.03.020subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-08-01 00:00:00pages
1084-1089issue
8eissn
0161-6420issn
1549-4713pii
S0161-6420(18)32865-3journal_volume
126pub_type
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