Abstract：
:The ability of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to reactivate the killing function of the immune system to tumor cells has led to long lasting immune response presenting highly promising clinical advances. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors related resistance due to the specialized tumor microenvironment has also drawn a widely attention. To overcome resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy, understanding the relationship of this type of therapy and tumor microenvironment is necessary and critical. This review will focus on how the tumor environment influences the effectiveness of the immunotherapeutic check inhibitors. Finally, we provide a briefly succinct glimpse into the most exciting pre-clinical discoveries and ongoing clinical trials to overcome the resistance of ICIs.
journal_name
Immunol Lettjournal_title
Immunology lettersauthors
Li Y,Liu J,Gao L,Liu Y,Meng F,Li X,Qin FXdoi
10.1016/j.imlet.2019.03.006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-04-01 00:00:00pages
88-96eissn
0165-2478issn
1879-0542pii
S0165-2478(18)30388-2journal_volume
220pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The carboxy-terminus of the major merozoite surface protein of Plasmodium has been shown to be the target of protective immunity in a number of non-vivax malaria parasite species. In an effort to develop a protective vaccine for Plasmodium vivax, the most prevalent form of human malaria, we expressed in Saccharomyces ...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(96)02570-9
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a chronic inflammation that affects the large vessels; however, its etiology is still unknown. Human serum paraoxonase hydrolyzes oxidized lipids into low-density lipoproteins and could therefore be associated with the prevalence of inflammation processes. Therefore, the purpose ...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2013.04.005
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanism of cytolysis by natural killer cells has been shown to involve a soluble lytic factor - the natural killer cytotoxic factor (NKCF). We have investigated the generation of NKCF on exposure of subpopulations of human blood lymphocytes to autologous B lymphocytes and EBV infected B lymphocytes (BEBV), and t...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(86)90096-9
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The leukocyte common antigen, CD45, is one of the major glycoproteins on cells of hemopoietic origin showing considerable heterogeneity in both structure and expression. Biochemical heterogeneity has been attributed to differences in the primary sequence and glycosylation. In this paper we report an additional basis f...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(94)90198-8
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:IgE-mediated activation of basophil granulocytes and mast cells follows a bell-shaped dose-response curve. The decreased activation at supraoptimal allergen stimulation is thought to be associated with SH2-containing inositol-5'-phosphatase 1 (SHIP-1). SHIP-1 phosphorylation is inversely related to IgE-mediated releas...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2019.04.003
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent data suggests that autoimmune factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this context several autoantigens have been shown to elicit an immune response that results in accelerated atherosclerotic plaque formation. In the present study, we investigated whether elevated titers of an...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(99)00050-4
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maturation of dendritic cells is a key step during induction of adaptive immune responses. Multiple pathways and factors are involved in the regulation of dendritic cell maturation. Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA, which is regulated by splicing factors, plays an important role in many biological processes, including...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2013.06.004
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sequence-comparison indicates existing sequence-similarity between receptor-binding regions of human type 1 IFNs (IFN-alpha, -beta and -omega) and HIV-1 gp41. Previous findings had suggested that the increased levels of antibodies against human IFN-alpha and -beta in HIV-1-infected individuals are associated with a co...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(99)00098-x
更新日期：1999-08-03 00:00:00
abstract：:An automated biosensor system designed for measuring molecular interactions in real time and without any labelling of the reactants has been used to study the interaction of two animal viruses (vaccinia virus and poliovirus) and two plant viruses (cowpea mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus) with monoclonal antibodie...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(92)90011-c
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transplantation immunologists have long been intrigued by the natural allograft that results from normal mammalian pregnancy. Its general success contrasts with the rejection problems associated with most artifactual organ transplantation and raises intriguing questions concerning the nature of the mechanisms involved...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(88)90001-6
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ligation of both the T cell receptor (TCR) and the CD28 receptor is required for full T cell activation to occur. Engagement of the TCR in primary T cells is followed by rapid cAMP production in lipid rafts and activation of the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA)-Csk pathway inhibiting proximal T cell signaling. However, CD2...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2010.01.007
更新日期：2010-03-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumor cells have been used as the tumor antigen sources for developing cancer vaccines. Due to their low immunogenicity, tumor antigens are combined with various adjuvants to enhance immunogenicity of cancer vaccines. Among them, a natural killer T cell (NKT)-ligand, α-galactosylceramide (αGC) has been reported as a p...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2013.10.002
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several recent findings indicate that mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) express RNA encoding interleukin-4 (IL-4) and secrete detectable amounts of IL-4 in response to cross-linking of Fc epsilon RI receptors, Fc gamma R receptors, or to ionomycin. We investigated the desensitization of BMMC from the view po...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(94)90122-8
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several immunological functions of B and T cells including IL-2 receptor expression on T cells were measured in 12-month-old Fisher-344 male rats maintained from 6 weeks of age on an ad libitum (AL) or a 40% food-restricted (FR) diet. Direct anti-SRBC plaque-forming cell (PFC) assays revealed a higher response in FR r...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(89)90124-7
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent advances in next-generation sequencing have enabled rapid and efficient evaluation of the mutational landscape of cancers. As a result, many cancer-specific neoantigens, which can generate antitumor cytotoxic T-cells inside tumors, have been identified. Previously, we reported a metastatic melanoma case with hi...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2019.02.004
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A variety of cell types may be involved in the regulation of IgA secretion at the intestinal mucosa. Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) are known to have the capacity to secrete several cytokines which may exert an important regulatory effect on local immunoglobulin secretion by mucosal B cells. In this study, we have ...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(98)00112-6
更新日期：1999-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies indicate that the pulmonary immune response in humans and experimental animals is different in newborn, adult and elderly age groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of age on the leukocyte composition in different lung compartments and peripheral blood of weaned and adult rats. A...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2006.12.008
更新日期：2007-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Work done in our laboratories, using a murine model, indicates that suppression of host immune responses might be due to secretion of soluble factors by tumor cells. The H238 cells (BALB/c embryonic fibroblasts transformed by UV-inactivated herpes simplex virus Type 2) exhibit progressive tumor growth with subsequent ...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(91)90087-q
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine and has been shown to play an important role in maintaining immune homeostasis. However, the effect of IL-35 on human asthma remains unclear. The present study is to investigate the expression and significance of IL-35 in childhood asthma. Forty-one asthmati...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2014.06.002
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pretreatment of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and concanavalin A (Con A) markedly enhanced the uptake of Staphylococcus aureus H and Escherichia coli 08, respectively. Pretreatment of the respective bacteria with these lectins also greatly increased their uptake by the macroph...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(86)90048-9
更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Between the ages of 2 to approximately 11 days mice respond to a challenge with syngeneic IgE by producing anti-IgE antibodies; by the age of 2 weeks they are unresponsive. Even adult mice, however, produce high titers of anti-IgE antibodies when immunized with a conjugate of syngeneic IgE and a foreign antigen such a...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(95)00087-3
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mast cells are important effector cells in IgE-associated immune responses, but also can contribute to host defense in certain examples of bacterial infection. We found that genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-Kit(W)/Kit(W-v) mice exhibited more bacterial CFUs per spleen by 6 days after intraperitoneal injection of...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2005.02.015
更新日期：2005-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Circulating lymphocytes were enumerated in 25 patients with coeliac disease and in 24 healthy donors by immunofluorescent staining using monoclonal antibodies for T cell surface phenotypic markers T11 (mature), T4 (helper) and T8 (suppressor) or polyvalent antisera for surface immunoglobulins (B cells). Proportions of...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(86)90119-7
更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that affects millions of people worldwide with an annual mortality rate of 1.3 million. The mechanisms contributing to the loss of balance of immune responses and progression to active tuberculosis disease are unknown. Although CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and the cytokines they produce ...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2014.03.009
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A majority of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected individuals display a rapid loss of CD4+ lymphocytes with fast progression towards overt acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, a small proportion of individuals infected by HIV-1 remain immunologically intact for many years. In order to i...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(96)02550-3
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective way to cure hematological malignancies. However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following transplantation limits the clinical application to some extent. The donor T lymphocytes play a central role in the occurrence and development of GVH...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2011.01.010
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leukaemic blood lymphocytes from patients with B prolymphocytic leukaemia express the common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen (CALLA). The in vitro incubation of prolymphocytes with leucocyte conditioned medium produced the acquisition of plasma cell morphology, of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins and the simulta...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(85)90005-7
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A panel of synthetic peptides representing human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) B8, other class I and class II restricted T cell epitopes and two B cell epitopes, were all able to compete with recognition of a HLA B8 restricted epitope by a cytotoxic T cell clone. Competition was obtained when the competitor peptides were a...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(91)90048-f
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although there is growing evidence that NKT cells play an important role in various immune responses through the invariant T cell receptor, other cell surface molecules responsible for their function are not fully understood. Here we study the role of ICOS, the third member of the CD28 family of costimulatory receptor...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2009.11.002
更新日期：2010-01-18 00:00:00
abstract：:We have mapped a T cell epitope in the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of the murine malaria parasite, Plasmodium yoelii. A 21-mer synthetic peptide corresponding to the amino acid positions 59-79 (referred to as Py1), induced specific proliferation in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, and provided help for the production of ant...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(90)90092-5
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
