Obstetric management, tests, and technologies that impact childhood development.

Abstract:

:Childhood brain development begins before birth, and obstetric management, tests, and technologies designed to diagnose and treat fetal conditions can have an impact on development. Preconception counseling for maternal diabetes and hypertension affect the risk of fetal congenital anomalies and growth restriction. Patients with risk factors for pre-existing maternal diabetes are offered early diabetic screening because earlier diagnosis and treatment can decrease the risk of fetal and neonatal complications. Screening for chromosomal abnormalities in the first or second trimester is offered to all females regardless of age. Cell-free fetal DNA screening can be used to test for fetal genetic abnormalities as early as 9 weeks of gestation with results available in 10 days. Ultrasound performed around 20 weeks' gestation can identify the 3% of fetuses that have a major congenital malformation. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging can be used to better assess fetal central nervous system abnormalities when neurosonography is inconclusive. Doppler ultrasound can be used to assess blood flow in the umbilical artery and fetal middle cerebral artery to aid in the management of the growth-restricted fetus. In summary, diagnosis and treatment of maternal and fetal conditions from the preconception period throughout pregnancy are important for optimizing fetal health and provide the best opportunity for optimal child development. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Cell-free fetal DNA screening can identify fetal genetic abnormalities as early as 9 weeks' gestation. Ultrasound performed around 20 weeks' gestation can detect major fetal congenital malformations. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging can aid neurosonography in the assessment of fetal central nervous system abnormalities. Doppler ultrasound to assess fetal blood flow is used to successfully manage the growth-restricted fetus. :MANEJO OBSTÉTRICO, PRUEBAS Y TECNOLOGÍAS QUE IMPACTAN EL DESARROLLO INFANTIL: El desarrollo infantil comienza antes del nacimiento, y el manejo obstétrico, las pruebas y las tecnologías diseñadas para diagnosticar y tratar las afecciones fetales pueden tener un impacto en el desarrollo. El asesoramiento previo a la concepción para la diabetes materna y la hipertensión puede modificar el riesgo de anomalías congénitas fetales y la restricción del crecimiento. A los pacientes con factores de riesgo para la diabetes materna preexistente se les ofrece la detección temprana de la diabetes debido a que un diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos pueden disminuir el riesgo de complicaciones fetales y neonatales. El examen de detección de anomalías cromosómicas en el primer o segundo trimestre se ofrece a todas las mujeres, independientemente de su edad. La prueba de detección de ADN fetal sin células se puede usar para detectar anomalías genéticas fetales tan pronto como a las 9 semanas de gestación, con resultados disponibles en 10 días. La ecografía realizada alrededor de las 20 semanas de gestación puede identificar el 3% de los fetos que tienen una malformación congénita importante. La resonancia magnética fetal puede usarse para evaluar mejor las anomalías del sistema nervioso central fetal cuando la neurosonografía no es concluyente. La ecografía Doppler se puede usar para evaluar el flujo sanguíneo en la arteria umbilical y la arteria cerebral media fetal para ayudar en el manejo del feto con restricción de crecimiento. En resumen, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de las afecciones maternas y fetales desde el período previo a la concepción, y durante todo el embarazo, son importantes para optimizar la salud fetal y ofrecen la mejor oportunidad para el desarrollo óptimo del niño. :MANEJO OBSTÉTRICO, TESTES E TECNOLOGIAS QUE IMPACTAM O DESENVOLVIMENTO INFANTIL.: O desenvolvimento infantil começa antes do nascimento, e o manejo obstétrico, testes e tecnologias projetados para diagnosticar e tratar condições fetais podem ter impacto no desenvolvimento. Aconselhamento pré-concepcional para diabetes materna e hipertensão afetam o risco de anomalias congênitas fetais e restrição do crescimento. Pacientes com fatores de risco para diabetes materna pré-existente recebem oferta de monitoramento precoce para diabetes porque o diagnóstico e tratamento precoces podem diminuir o risco de complicações fetais e neonatais. O monitoramento para anormalidades cromossômicas no primeiro ou segundo trimestre é oferecido para todas as mulheres independente da idade. A avaliação sem células do DNA fetal pode ser usada para testar anormalidades genéticas tão cedo como 9 semanas de gestação, com resultados disponíveis em 10 dias. O ultra-som realizado por volta de 20 semanas de gestação pode identificar os 3% de fetos que têm uma malformação congênita importante. Imagem por ressonância magnética fetal pode ser usada mara melhor avaliar anormalidades do sistema nervoso central quando a neurosonografia é inconcusiva. Ultra-som Doppler pode ser usado para avaliar o fluxo sanguíneo na artéria umbilical e artéria cerebral média fetal para ajudar no manejo de fetos com restrição de crescimento. Em resumo, o diagnóstico e tratamento de condições maternas e fetais no período pré-concepcional e durante toda a gestação são importantes para otimizar a saúde do feto e proporcionar a melhor oportunidade para o desenvolvimento infantil ótimo.

journal_name

Dev Med Child Neurol

authors

Novak CM,Graham EM

doi

10.1111/dmcn.14160

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-09-01 00:00:00

pages

1002-1007

issue

9

eissn

0012-1622

issn

1469-8749

journal_volume

61

pub_type

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