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Controlling Legionella pneumophila in water systems at reduced hot water temperatures with copper and silver ionization.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Hospital-acquired Legionnaires' disease is associated with the presence of Legionella pneumophila in hospital water systems. In the United Kingdom, the Department of Health recommends maintaining hot water temperatures >55°C and cold water temperatures <20°C at the point of delivery to prevent proliferation of L pneumophila in water systems. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of copper and silver ionization to control L pneumophila at deliberately reduced hot water temperatures (43°C) within a newly installed water system in a new building linked to a large health care facility in the United Kingdom. METHODS:One thousand, five hundred ninety-eight water samples were collected between September 2011 and June 2017. Samples were tested using accredited methods for L pneumophila, copper and silver ion levels, and total viable counts. Energy consumption and water usage data were also collected to permit carbon emission calculations. RESULTS:The results of 1,598 routine samples from September 2011 to June 2017, and the recordings of temperatures at outlets in this facility, demonstrated effective (100%) L pneumophila control throughout the study period with an average hot water temperature of 42°C. The energy savings and reduction of carbon emissions were calculated to amount to 33% and 24%, respectively, compared to an equivalent temperature-controlled system. Water system management interventions were required to achieve consistently adequate levels of copper and silver across outlets. CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrated that it is possible to control L pneumophila independent of temperature when copper and silver ionization is introduced into a new building in conjunction with an appropriately managed water system.

journal_name

Am J Infect Control

journal_title

American journal of infection control

authors

Cloutman-Green E,Barbosa VL,Jimenez D,Wong D,Dunn H,Needham B,Ciric L,Hartley JC

doi

10.1016/j.ajic.2018.12.005

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-07-01 00:00:00

pages

761-766

issue

eissn

0196-6553

issn

1527-3296

pii

S0196-6553(18)31149-0

journal_volume

pub_type

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Controlling Legionella pneumophila in water systems at reduced hot water temperatures with copper and silver ionization.