Xm2 Scores for Estimating Total Exposure to Multimodal Strategies Identified by Pharmacists for Managing Pain: Validity Testing and Clinical Relevance.

Abstract:

Objective:To assess the validity of an exposure score obtained from the Xm2 tool for all pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies used by individuals to manage chronic pain. Methods:Using data from individuals with chronic pain, eXposure multimodal (Xm2) scores were calculated by assigning one point for every 100 mg of morphine equivalent used (opioid medications); 25% of the maximum recommended exposure used (nonopioid medications); and any use of another strategy then summed. Content, criterion, construct, and convergent validity were assessed. Results:The sample of 149 individuals used a mean of 12.6 (SD = 4.6) strategies to manage pain and had a mean Xm2 score of 16.8 (SD = 9.1). Content validity was established by demonstrating that the pain management strategies identified were also reported in the literature. Criterion validity was established by the positive association of exposure scores with the following: interference with work (odds ratio (OR) = 2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14-4.36), daily activities (OR = 2.10, CI = 1.07-4.13), relationships (OR = 1.98, CI = 1.01-3.88), and leisure activities (OR = 2.31, CI = 1.18-4.50); workdays missed (OR = 5.10, CI = 1.92-13.58); emergency department visits (OR = 3.40, CI = 1.17-9.91); hospitalizations (OR = 4.18, CI = 0.86-20.37); and by a negative association with satisfaction (OR = 0.40, CI = 0.18-0.88). Construct validity was established by the positive association of exposure with baseline pain intensity (p < 0.01) and odds of experiencing an adverse event (OR = 2.31, CI = 1.18-4.52). Convergent validity was established through correlations of pain intensity from the Xm2 score and existing quantitative analgesic questionnaire (QAQ) score. Discussion:Xm2 scores represent a valid estimate of total exposure to multimodal strategies used and provide clinically relevant information for deciding what strategies to use at what level.

journal_name

Pain Res Manag

authors

Axon DR,Bhattacharjee S,Warholak TL,Slack MK

doi

10.1155/2018/2530286

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-12-12 00:00:00

pages

2530286

eissn

1203-6765

issn

1918-1523

journal_volume

2018

pub_type

杂志文章
  • A Better Way to Decrease Knee Swelling in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Single-Blind Randomised Controlled Trial.

    abstract:Objective:In this study, we compared the effects of intermittent pneumatic compression along with conventional treatment with cold-pack treatment along with conventional treatment on clinical outcomes in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods:Eighty-nine patients with knee osteoarthritis participated in this study...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1155/2019/8514808

    authors: Sari Z,Aydoğdu O,Demirbüken İ,Yurdalan SU,Polat MG

    更新日期:2019-05-02 00:00:00

  • Can we improve parents' management of their children's postoperative pain at home?

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Thousands of children undergo surgery each year, and a shift toward same-day surgeries and decreased lengths of hospital stay results in parents being increasingly responsible for their child's postoperative care. Recent studies have tested interventions designed to improve parent management of their childre...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1155/2014/938352

    authors: MacLaren Chorney J,Twycross A,Mifflin K,Archibald K

    更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00

  • Differential predictors of pain and disability in patients with whiplash injuries.

    abstract::The psychological predictors of pain and disability were examined in a sample of people who sustained whiplash injuries during rear-end motor vehicle accidents. Sixty-five patients referred to a specialty pain clinic with a diagnosis of whiplash injury completed measures of depression, anxiety, catastrophizing, pain a...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1155/2002/176378

    authors: Sullivan MJ,Stanish W,Sullivan ME,Tripp D

    更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00

  • The antiallodynic action of pregabalin may depend on the suppression of spinal neuronal hyperexcitability in rats with spared nerve injury.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Pregabalin (PGB) is a novel antiepileptic drug and is also used as a first-line medication for the treatment of neuropathic pain. However, the mechanisms of its analgesic effects remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVES:To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the antiallodynic action of PGB in rats with neuropathi...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1155/2014/623830

    authors: Ding L,Cai J,Guo XY,Meng XL,Xing GG

    更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00

  • Executive and attentional functions in chronic pain: does performance decrease with increasing task load?

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Diminished executive function and attentional control has been reported in chronic pain patients. However, the precise pattern of impairment in these aspects of cognition in chronic pain remains unclear. Moreover, a decline in psychomotor speed could potentially influence executive and attentional control pe...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1155/2012/962786

    authors: Oosterman J,Derksen LC,van Wijck AJ,Kessels RP,Veldhuijzen DS

    更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00

  • Knowledge and Attitude towards Pain Management among Nurses Working at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

    abstract::Introduction. Pain is unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual and potential tissue damage. Inadequate pain management has been shown to affect patient outcomes by potentially increasing hospital stay and delaying recovery; thus, the management of pain has major implications for nursing. The ...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1155/2020/6036575

    authors: Liyew B,Dejen Tilahun A,Habtie Bayu N,Kassew T

    更新日期:2020-03-18 00:00:00

  • The 27-item coping strategies questionnaire-revised: confirmatory factor analysis, reliability and validity in Italian-speaking subjects with chronic pain.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Increasing attention is being devoted to cognitive-behavioural measures to improve interventions for chronic pain. OBJECTIVE:To develop an Italian version of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire - Revised (CSQ-R), and to validate it in a study involving 345 Italian subjects with chronic pain. METHODS:The qu...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1155/2014/956828

    authors: Monticone M,Ferrante S,Giorgi I,Galandra C,Rocca B,Foti C

    更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00

  • OPN Deficiency Increases the Severity of Osteoarthritis Associated with Aberrant Chondrocyte Senescence and Apoptosis and Upregulates the Expression of Osteoarthritis-Associated Genes.

    abstract:Objectives:A recent work has reported that the elevated osteopontin (OPN) levels in the articular cartilage and synovial fluid are correlated with the progressive osteoarthritis (OA) joint damage, and OPN has a protective effect against OA by suppressing the expressions of OA-associated genes. The present study examine...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1155/2020/3428587

    authors: Tian J,Cheng C,Kuang SD,Su C,Zhao X,Xiong YL,Li YS,Gao SG

    更新日期:2020-10-22 00:00:00

  • Does participation in a pain course based on the International Association for the Study of Pain's curricula guidelines change student knowledge about pain?

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The People in Pain course was set up as a joint initiative of the Departments of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy within the School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences at The University of Queensland. It was instigated in response to the publication of Pain Curricula for Occupational Therapy and Phys...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1155/2003/263802

    authors: Strong J,Meredith P,Darnell R,Chong M,Roche P

    更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00

  • Adolescents' pain coping profiles: expectations for treatment, functional outcomes and adherence to psychological treatment recommendations.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To explore how adolescents' pain coping profiles relate to their expectations regarding psychological treatment recommendations, and to examine patients' functioning and engagement in psychological treatment three months following a multidisciplinary pain clinic evaluation. METHODS:Adolescents and their par...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1155/2011/652853

    authors: Claar RL,Simons LE

    更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00

  • Alexithymia and fear of pain independently predict heat pain intensity ratings among undergraduate university students.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Alexithymia is a disturbance in awareness and cognitive processing of affect that is associated with over-reporting of physical symptoms, including pain. The relationship between alexithymia and other psychological constructs that are often associated with pain has yet to be evaluated. OBJECTIVES:The presen...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1155/2009/468321

    authors: Katz J,Martin AL,Pagé MG,Calleri V

    更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00

  • Pain relief as a primary treatment goal: at what point does functioning and well-being become more important? A case study of an adolescent with debilitating chronic pain.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Pediatric chronic pain is a common problem with significant economic implications and devastating consequences on quality of life. The present report describes a case involving a 15-year-old girl with severe and debilitating chronic pain. RESULTS:Before her referral to a pain rehabilitation program, the pat...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1155/2014/745458

    authors: Tseng AS,Weiss K,Harrison T,Hansen D,Bruce B

    更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00

  • The Need for Improved Management of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy in Primary Care.

    abstract::The provision of care for patients with type II diabetes in primary care must involve assessing patients for peripheral neuropathy of the feet. Objectives. This paper will demonstrate that painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is poorly assessed for and treated in primary care. Methods. A critical analysis of research wil...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1155/2016/1974863

    authors: Sobhy T

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Peripheral interleukin-1ß levels are elevated in chronic tension-type headache patients.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Tension-type headache is the most common form of headache and its chronic form, chronic tension-type headache (CTTH), is one of the most difficult to treat. The etiology of CTTH is not well understood, but is believed to be multifactorial and to vary among individuals. In the present study, the authors sough...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1155/2013/796161

    authors: Della Vedova C,Cathcart S,Dohnalek A,Lee V,Hutchinson MR,Immink MA,Hayball J

    更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00

  • Incorporating Family Function into Chronic Pain Disability: The Role of Catastrophizing.

    abstract::Background. Observers' responses to pain are recently investigated to more comprehensively explain chronic pain (CP) and disability. However, the role of family context, defined as interference in roles, communication, and problem-solving, and how (i.e., through which mechanisms) these variables contribute to CP relat...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1155/2016/6838596

    authors: Akbari F,Dehghani M,Khatibi A,Vervoort T

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Medicinal use of cannabis: history and current status.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To provide an overview of the history and pharmacology of cannabis in relation to current scientific knowledge concerning actual and potential therapeutic uses of cannabis preparations and pure cannabinoids. METHODS:The literature on therapeutic uses of cannabis and cannabinoids was assessed with respect to ...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章

    doi:10.1155/2001/469629

    authors: Kalant H

    更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00

  • Development of Cardiovascular Indices of Acute Pain Responding in Infants: A Systematic Review.

    abstract::Background. Cardiovascular indices of pain are pervasive in the hospital setting. However, no prospective research has examined the development of cardiac responses to acutely painful procedures in the first year of life. Objectives. Our main goal was to synthesize existing evidence regarding the development of cardio...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1155/2016/8458696

    authors: Waxman JA,Pillai Riddell RR,Tablon P,Schmidt LA,Pinhasov A

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Prevalence of Chronic Pain, Treatments, Perception, and Interference on Life Activities: Brazilian Population-Based Survey.

    abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Chronic pain affects between 30% and 50% of the world population. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of chronic pain in Brazil, describe and compare differences between pain types and characteristics, and identify the types of therapies adopted and the impact of pain on daily life. ...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1155/2017/4643830

    authors: de Souza JB,Grossmann E,Perissinotti DMN,de Oliveira Junior JO,da Fonseca PRB,Posso IP

    更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00

  • [Autism and pain - a literature review].

    abstract::The purpose of the present article was to assess the available literature concerning pain and autism. First, authors summarized the published articles on pain reactivity in people with autism. Second, the hypotheses envisaged to explain the presence of expressive particularities in people with autism spectrum disorder...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1155/2010/749275

    authors: Dubois A,Rattaz C,Pry R,Baghdadli A

    更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00

  • Effectiveness of Acupuncture for Lateral Epicondylitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

    abstract:Objective:This study aimed at assessing the clinical effectiveness of acupuncture for lateral epicondylitis (LE). Methods:The following databases were systematically searched: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, Wan Fang database, Chinese Biomedicine Literature,...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析

    doi:10.1155/2020/8506591

    authors: Zhou Y,Guo Y,Zhou R,Wu P,Liang F,Yang Z

    更新日期:2020-03-20 00:00:00

  • Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Nurses Working in Hospitals of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the status of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in nurses working in the hospitals in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. METHODS:The prevalence of WMSDs since working and in the previous 12 months was evaluated using self-administrated modified musculoskeletal questionnaire based o...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1155/2017/5757108

    authors: Yan P,Li F,Zhang L,Yang Y,Huang A,Wang Y,Yao H

    更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00

  • Sleep Disturbance and Its Clinical Implication in Patients with Adult Spinal Deformity: Comparison with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis.

    abstract:Purpose:The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sleep disturbance and its clinical implication in patients with ASD. Methods:A total of 44 patients with ASD and 137 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) were enrolled in the study. Forty four patients were selected from the LSS group after p...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1155/2020/6294151

    authors: Kim HJ,Hong SJ,Park JH,Ki H

    更新日期:2020-04-13 00:00:00

  • The effect of sleep deprivation on pain.

    abstract::Chronic pain syndromes are associated with alterations in sleep continuity and sleep architecture. One perspective of this relationship, which has not received much attention to date, is that disturbances of sleep affect pain. To fathom this direction of cause, experimental human and animal studies on the effects of s...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1155/2004/949187

    authors: Kundermann B,Krieg JC,Schreiber W,Lautenbacher S

    更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison of Early Effectiveness of Three Different Intervention Methods in Patients with Chronic Orofacial Pain: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial.

    abstract:Background:Occlusal appliances are still widely used instruments in the management of orofacial pain in dentistry, yet alone or as a part of multimodal therapy. However, some of those modalities have been lacking thorough randomized assessment, and there is a conflicting evidence available. It is hypothesized that pain...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1155/2019/7954291

    authors: Dalewski B,Kamińska A,Szydłowski M,Kozak M,Sobolewska E

    更新日期:2019-03-11 00:00:00

  • Neural mechanisms of temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscle pain: a possible role for peripheral glutamate receptor mechanisms.

    abstract::The purpose of the present review is to correlate recent knowledge of the role of peripheral ionotropic glutamate receptors in the temporomandibular joint and muscle pain from animal and human experimental pain models with findings in patients. Chronic pain is common, and many people suffer from chronic pain condition...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1155/2005/860354

    authors: Lam DK,Sessle BJ,Cairns BE,Hu JW

    更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00

  • Physician-to-physician telephone consultations for chronic pain patients: A pragmatic randomized trial.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The impact of telephone consultations between pain specialists and primary care physicians regarding the care of patients with chronic pain is unknown. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the impact of telephone consultations between pain specialists and primary care physicians regarding the care of patients with chroni...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1155/2015/345432

    authors: Clark AJ,Taenzer P,Drummond N,Spanswick CC,Montgomery LS,Findlay T,Pereira JX,Williamson T,Palacios-Derflingher L,Braun T

    更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00

  • Incidence of Delirium in Critically Ill Cancer Patients.

    abstract:Objective:The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of delirium and its risk factors among critically ill cancer patients in an intensive care unit (ICU). Materials and Methods:This is a prospective cohort study. The Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) was measured daily at morn...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1155/2018/4193275

    authors: Sánchez-Hurtado LA,Hernández-Sánchez N,Del Moral-Armengol M,Guevara-García H,García-Guillén FJ,Herrera-Gómez Á,Ñamendys-Silva SA

    更新日期:2018-07-08 00:00:00

  • Effects of Exercise Training Combined with Increased Physical Activity to Prevent Chronic Pain in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial.

    abstract:Objective:With the aim of developing a chronic pain prevention program, this randomized controlled trial examined whether exercise training combined with increased physical activity more effectively improves pain and physical activity than exercise training alone in community-dwelling older adults without chronic pain....

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1155/2018/2132039

    authors: Hirase T,Kataoka H,Inokuchi S,Nakano J,Sakamoto J,Okita M

    更新日期:2018-04-05 00:00:00

  • Perceived cognitive deficits, emotional distress and disability following whiplash injury.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To describe the pattern of perceived cognitive deficits in patients with whiplash injury, to examine the relation between perceived cognitive deficits and disability, and to examine the determinants of perceived cognitive deficits in patients with whiplash injury. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 81 individuals part...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1155/2002/502984

    authors: Sullivan MJ,Hall E,Bartolacci R,Sullivan ME,Adams H

    更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00

  • "Brave Men" and "Emotional Women": A Theory-Guided Literature Review on Gender Bias in Health Care and Gendered Norms towards Patients with Chronic Pain.

    abstract:Background:Despite the large body of research on sex differences in pain, there is a lack of knowledge about the influence of gender in the patient-provider encounter. The purpose of this study was to review literature on gendered norms about men and women with pain and gender bias in the treatment of pain. The second ...

    journal_title:Pain research & management

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1155/2018/6358624

    authors: Samulowitz A,Gremyr I,Eriksson E,Hensing G

    更新日期:2018-02-25 00:00:00