Abstract:
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:Once involved in the criminal justice system, people who inject drugs (PWID) have a high probability of multiple system encounters. Imprisonment typically fails to rehabilitate PWID, who upon return to the community are at considerable risk of returning to injecting drug use (IDU) and poor health and social outcomes. We examined the effect of IDU resumption, and a suite of other sociodemographic, criminogenic, health and behavioural indicators, on the timing of reincarceration among adults with a history of IDU following release from prison. DESIGN AND METHODS:Structured interviews were conducted with 561 PWID in Queensland, Australia prior to release from prison and approximately 1, 3 and 6 months post-release. Data were linked prospectively with correctional records and the National Death Index. Data collected at multiple time-points were treated as time-varying covariates. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the rate and hazards of reincarceration. RESULTS:Sixty-eight percent of participants (n = 350) were reincarcerated over a combined observation time of 1043.5 years, representing a rate of 33.5 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 30.2-37.2). Time-invariant predictors of reincarceration in PWID were: male gender (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 1.62, 95% CI 1.19-2.21), older age at release (AHR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.95-1.00), previous adult (AHR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.41-2.84) or juvenile (AHR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.27-2.49) imprisonment, shorter imprisonment (≤90 days vs. >365 days, AHR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.30-3.34), release on parole (AHR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.82-2.88) and drug-related sentence (AHR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.34-2.53). Time-varying predictors included resumption of IDU (AHR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.60-2.61), unemployment (AHR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.07-2.19) and low perceived social support (AHR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.05-1.90). Very-high psychological distress at the most recent interview was protective against reincarceration (AHR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.44-0.95). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS:Efforts to prevent resumption of IDU and address disadvantage, social inclusion and health service access in ex-prisoners through the scale-up and integration of prison-based and post-release interventions are likely to reap both public health and criminal justice benefits.
journal_name
Drug Alcohol Revjournal_title
Drug and alcohol reviewauthors
Winter RJ,Stoové M,Agius PA,Hellard ME,Kinner SAdoi
10.1111/dar.12881keywords:
["drug users","longitudinal studies","prisoners","survival analysis"]subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-03-01 00:00:00pages
254-263issue
3eissn
0959-5236issn
1465-3362journal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:The extent to which alcohol consumption in Canada was affected by alcohol prohibition in the early 20th century remains unclear. Since there is a dearth of data on consumption during this time, we estimated the effect of alcohol prohibition on alcohol consumption, as measured by changes in liver c...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.13089
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The aim of this paper is to describe the context of alcohol use and problems in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), the environmental context for alcohol-related policy, drinking trends, harm and policy and to systematically review policies implemented to reduce alcohol-related burden. METHODS:LAC-base...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/dar.13227
更新日期:2021-01-24 00:00:00
abstract::It appears that the literature on agonist maintenance therapies for opioid dependence pays more attention to outcomes during, rather than after, treatment. This review aims to (a) estimate to what extent opioid abstinence can be expected from former maintenance patients, (b) examine possible relationships between pati...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/09595230500170241
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:Clerks and servers at alcohol establishments often fail to verify age. Using mystery shoppers to provide performance feedback is one approach to improving age verification. Few controlled studies have evaluated mystery shop interventions. This paper reports on a cluster randomised cross-over trial...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/dar.12839
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this paper is to present a description and preliminary findings of a 12-month trial of a Local Court diversion programme, called MERIT for Magistrates' Early Referral into Treatment. The aim of MERIT is to divert eligible drug offenders to treatment and rehabilitation services. A total of 172 offenders ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/0959523021000023261
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present paper presents a comprehensive review of studies concerned with the effects of alcohol on human performance. It attempts to review the studies within the framework of the information processing model. The effects of alcohol on information processing and transmission rates, sensory and perceptual processes,...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595239000185161
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:New strategies are required to reach subpopulations with high smoking rates. This study reports on an evaluation of the Smoking Care intervention-a 2-year organisational capacity building strategy--for social and community service organisations (SCSOs) to provide smoking care to clients. DESIGN A...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00464.x
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of zopiclone misuse in clients attending a methadone maintenance programme in Dublin through detection of its degradation product, 2-amino-5-chloropyridine (ACP) on urinalysis is outlined. Urine samples from all 158 clients were tested for the presence of ACP, opiates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, alcohol ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595230601052777
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number of patients in hospitals who experience alcohol-related problems is high, and the provision of intervention for these patients is a significant public health measure. The current move towards casemix funding of acute hospital services provides an opportunity for the development of such programmes. Modificat...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595239600186191
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:In the past 40 years, per capita consumption has increased dramatically in Finland. We study the core changes in drinking culture over this period by age and sex. DESIGN AND METHODS:We used data from the Finnish Drinking Habit Surveys carried out every 8 years in 1968-2008 (n = 16385, response ra...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00479.x
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Police Services in a number of Australian states have indicated random roadside drug testing will be implemented to target drug driving. This paper outlines research conducted to provide an estimate of the prevalence of drug driving in a sample of Queensland drivers. Oral fluid samples were collected from 781 drivers ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595230701247764
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The starting place for this essay is Knupfer and Room's insight that more restrictive norms around drinking and intoxication tend to be selectively applied to the economically dependent segments of society, such as women. However, since these authors wrote in 1964, women in the US and many other societies around the g...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12215
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:While much research has sought to identify the factors associated with initiation and cessation of various forms of drug use among vulnerable youth, little is known about relapse into drug use in this population. We sought to characterise relapse into stimulant and opioid use among street-involved...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12921
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:Studies link socio-economic deprivation to alcohol consumption in adolescents, but the role of relative deprivation has been understudied and may be equally important. This study investigates the association between relative deprivation and episodes of drunkenness among adolescents in France and C...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12540
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A combined narrative/meta-analytic review of the results of a number of well-conducted randomized controlled clinical trials indicates that there is no evidence that usual treatment delivered in an in-patient or residential setting is superior to treatment delivered on an out-patient or non-residential basis for the t...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595239400185201
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patient-centred tobacco management approaches tobacco smoking as a chronic disease and can be offered to all smokers irrespective of their attitude to quitting. Maintaining a long-term relationship with smokers enables the adoption of flexible solutions and shared goals. It is argued that patient-centred tobacco manag...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12082
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:The aim of the study was to investigate the acceptability of methadone-naloxone through interviews with potential consumers and treatment providers about their attitudes and beliefs about combining methadone with naloxone. DESIGN AND METHODS:Qualitative study with structured surveys and individua...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00118.x
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The range of tobacco control activities should be viewed as essential parts of a complex multi-component puzzle. Intervention strategies designed to address tobacco control should be comprehensive and include both primary and secondary prevention activities and be multi-faceted and capable of bringing about change at ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595239300185641
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:To study rates of 3-month retention in a drug treatment therapeutic community and the characteristics of residents who remain in treatment. DESIGN AND METHODS:A total of 200 consecutive admissions to a therapeutic community in Christchurch, New Zealand received a structured interview and question...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00050.x
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::General practitioners (GPs) are in a unique position to detect and manage patients with co-morbid mental health and substance use disorders (dual diagnosis). It has been estimated that over 30% of patients presenting to general practice have a diagnosable mental disorder and 12% have dual diagnosis. Unfortunately, bet...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595230412331324572
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:Indicators suggest an escalation in opioid use globally, with recent HIV outbreaks linked to non-medical pharmaceutical opioid (NMPO) use. Little is known about how young Australians engage in NMPO use. DESIGN AND METHODS:During 2015, we conducted qualitative interviews with young people (16-29 y...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12474
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the characteristics associated with smoking during pregnancy. A total of 7836 pregnant women were surveyed between 1992 and 1999 in England. Of these 27% were smoking during pregnancy. Pregnant women were more likely to smoke if they were less educated, living in rented accommodation, in unskil...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595230220119291
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:To study the prevalence of use of illicit drugs by women of reproductive age before and during pregnancy and the changes in rates of illicit drug use in pregnancy over recent years. DESIGN AND METHODS:All pregnant women attending the public antenatal clinic over a 7 year period (2000-2006) were r...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2010.00214.x
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:Prescription drug misuse and related harms have been increasing considerably over the past decade. At the same time, there has also been rapid growth in the use of online and Internet technologies. Thus, it is important that we understand the role online and Internet technologies play in prescript...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2008.00004.x
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:To maximise the benefits of direct acting antivirals in Australia, innovative options for marginalised populations to receive daily or weekly medication may be beneficial. This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of direct acting antivirals provision by leveraging an opioid agonist t...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12903
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:The study investigated the nature and content of alcohol brand websites in the UK. DESIGN AND METHODS:The research involved an audit of the websites of the 10 leading alcohol brands by sales in the UK across four categories: lager, spirits, Flavoured Alcoholic Beverages and cider/perry. Each site...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2010.00257.x
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:Despite an increased prevalence of risky alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm among members of sporting groups and at sporting venues, sporting clubs frequently fail to implement alcohol management practices consistent with liquor legislation and best practice guidelines. The aim of this s...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/dar.12252
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Eastside Illicit Drinkers Group for Education has been supportive of research dedicated to establishing the effectiveness of Managed Alcohol Programs since its inception. Dedicated funding for MAPs in Vancouver, British Columbia is contingent on the research demonstrating that alcohol-related harms are reduced whi...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12599
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:The province of Saskatchewan, Canada introduced minimum prices graded by alcohol strength in April 2010. As previous research found this intervention significantly decreased alcohol consumption and alcohol-attributable morbidity, we aim to test the association between the intervention and the rate...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12670
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Over the past two decades, alcohol consumption of Icelandic adolescents has decreased dramatically. The aim of this study was to quantify the extent of this reduction and compare it with the trend in cannabis use over a 20 year period and to identify possible explanations. METHODS:We used data from the Ic...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12587
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00