Abstract:
:A historical cohort mortality study was conducted among 28,008 white male employees who had worked for at least 1 month in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, during World War II. The workers were employed at two plants that were producing enriched uranium and a research and development laboratory. Vital status was ascertained through 1980 for 98.1% of the cohort members and death certificates were obtained for 96.8% of the 11,671 decedents. A modified version of the traditional standardized mortality ratio (SMR) analysis was used to compare the cause-specific mortality experience of the World War II workers with the U.S. white male population. An SMR and a trend statistic were computed for each cause-of-death category for the 30-year interval from 1950 to 1980. The SMR for all causes was 1.11, and there was a significant upward trend of 0.74% per year. The excess mortality was primarily due to lung cancer and diseases of the respiratory system. Poisson regression methods were used to evaluate the influence of duration of employment, facility of employment, socioeconomic status, birth year, period of follow-up, and radiation exposure on cause-specific mortality. Maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters in a main-effects model were obtained to describe the joint effects of these six factors on cause-specific mortality of the World War II workers. We show that these multivariate regression techniques provide a useful extension of conventional SMR analysis and illustrate their effective use in a large occupational cohort study.
journal_name
Radiat Resjournal_title
Radiation researchauthors
Frome EL,Cragle DL,McLain RWsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-08-01 00:00:00pages
138-52issue
2eissn
0033-7587issn
1938-5404journal_volume
123pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The effect of acute exposure to ultrawideband (UWB) electromagnetic radiation on the Primate Equilibrium Platform (PEP) task, where the monkey's task is to manipulate a joystick control to compensate for the random perturbations in the pitch plane that are generated by a computer at unpredictable intervals, was examin...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated delayed reproductive death and chromosome bridge formation in mitotic cells in colonies of normal human embryonic cells which survived exposure to 6 Gy of X rays. Eighteen primary clones each derived from control and irradiated cultures were isolated and secondary colonies were grown up. Six of the pri...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alpha-particle irradiation of cells damages not only the irradiated cells but also nontargeted bystander cells. It has been proposed that the bystander effect is caused by oxidants and free radicals generated by the radiation. Recent studies have shown that α(1)-microglobulin protects against cell damage caused by oxi...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR2213.1
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::At the Swiss Institute for Nuclear Research (SIN) cancer patients are irradiated with negatively charged pi mesons using a 60-beam medical pion generator, the Piotron. A low-pressure tissue-equivalent proportional counter was used to measure absorbed dose and microdosimetric spectra. A method was developed to allow di...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mathematical analysis of cell survival allows parameter estimation for radiobiological models and selection of an appropriate model. To our knowledge, no rigorous comparisons on the accuracy of various methods used for such analysis have been performed. In this study we compared three methods: 1. maximization of binom...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR14195.1
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The non-random distribution of DNA breakage in PFGE (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) experiments poses a problem of proper subtraction of the background DNA damage to obtain a fragment-size distribution due to radiation only. A naive bin-to-bin subtraction of the background signal will not result in the right DNA ma...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR0663.1
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The non-human primate has been a useful model for studies of human acute radiation syndrome (ARS). However, to date structural changes in various parts of the intestine after total body irradiation (TBI) have not been systematically studied in this model. Here we report on our current study of TBI-induced intestinal s...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR14191.1
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The repair of X-ray-induced DNA damage related to the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was characterized in human diploid fibroblasts by an indirect immunofluorescence method. PCNA staining induced by X rays was lost after DNase I treatment but not after RNase treatment. The staining was not induced when ATP ...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cognitive impairments after brain irradiation seriously affect quality of life for patients, and there is currently no effective treatment. In this study using an irradiated rat model, the role of electroacupuncture was investigated for treatment of radiation-induced brain injury. Animals received 10 Gy exposure to th...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR14561.1
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of the aminothiol WR-1065 [N-(2-mercaptoethyl)-1,3-diaminopropane] to protect L5178Y (LY) cells against the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of exposure to accelerated (56)Fe ions (1.08 GeV/nucleon) was determined. It was found that while WR-1065 reduced the mutagenicity in both cell lines when it was prese...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/0033-7587(2002)158[0110:aowilc]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An understanding of proton radiobiology is critical for optimization of both proton radiotherapy and assessment of carcinogenesis risk from space radiation. Although the physical aspects of proton beam radiobiology is well understood, the biological aspects, particularly the complex biological end points, have been un...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1667/RR2839.1
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that fibrosis which develops after irradiation is caused by increases in vascular permeability. Plasma proteins leak into irradiated tissue where fibrinogen may be converted into fibrin which is gradually replaced by fibrous tissue. Vascular and fibrotic changes in mouse lung were investigated af...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present theoretical arguments to explain observations of a "reversal" of the RBE at relatively large doses; that is, the RBE of high-LET vs low-LET radiation is less than one. Numerical examples are given and the results of Bogo et al. (Radiat. Res. 118, 341-352, 1989) are discussed qualitatively. ...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the double-strand break (DSB) model, the initial slope (alpha) of the survival curve is determined by the number of DSBs remaining unrepaired at a certain time after irradiation. There are three types of calculations which confirm the validity of this approach. First, the model quite reasonably predicts the low-LET...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil microorganisms in general and biocontrol agents in particular are very sensitive to UV light. The packaging of biocontrol microorganisms into cellular solids has been developed as a means of reducing loss caused by exposure to environmental UV radiation. The bacterial and fungal biocontrol agents Pantoea agglomer...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/rr3027
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Irradiation of human melanoma (MeWo, Be11) and squamous cell carcinoma (4451, 4197) cells induces cell cycle blocks from which the cells recover to re-enter mitosis after 40-60 h. In the TP53 mutant cell lines, MeWo and 4451, irradiation induces a G(2)-phase block, where the fraction of cells in G(2) phase reaches a m...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/0033-7587(2000)154[0640:aogmpb]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plateau-phase A549 cells exhibit a high capacity for repair of potentially lethal radiation damage (PLD). Previously it was found that PLD repair could be partially inhibited by increasing the extracellular pH (pHe) of the spent medium from its normal value of 6.7-6.8 to 7.6 during postirradiation holding. The present...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accurate assessment of risks of long-term space missions is critical for human space exploration. It is essential to have a detailed understanding of the biological effects on humans living and working in deep space. Ionizing radiation from galactic cosmic rays (GCR) is a major health risk factor for astronauts on ext...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR15062.1
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of age at exposure on induction of mammary carcinoma was studied in female rats of the inbred WAG/Rij strain that were treated with estrogen. Groups of 40 animals were exposed to a single total-body dose of 1 or 2 Gy of 137Cs gamma radiation at age 8, 10, 12, 15, 22, 36 or 64 weeks. Hormone levels in the an...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A biphasic curve was observed when surviving allogeneic lytic activity was plotted as a function of irradiation delivered before sensitization. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the number of cells was reduced in response to increasing dose and that subset precursors Lyt 1+2+ were proportionally more radiosens...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radiation-induced endothelial cell apoptosis is involved in the development of many radiation injuries, including radiation-induced skin ulcers. The proangiogenic growth factors basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, NUDT6) and VEGF enhance endothelial cell survival. In the present study, we used primary cultured human...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/rr3158
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alteration of adhesion molecule expression on endothelial cells has a direct connection with ionizing radiation-induced atherosclerosis, which is an adverse effect observed after radiotherapy. However, minimal attention has been given to monocytes/macrophages role in atherosclerosis development, which are exposed to t...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR3119.1
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asynchronously growing V79 cells were assayed for mutation induction following exposure to hyperthermia either immediately before or after being irradiated with 60Co gamma rays. Hyperthermia exposures consisted of either 43.5 degrees C for 30 min or 45 degrees C for 10 min. Each of these heat treatments resulted in a ...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work from our laboratory suggested that neuronal chromatin structure may be altered immediately after exposure to ionizing radiation. In the present study, whole brains of 4-month-old male Fisher 344 rats were irradiated with a dose of 25 Gy. The kinetics of restoring the chromatin structure to its unirradiat...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies were conducted to determine the effects of BeSO4 or X rays, alone and in combination, on cell cycle kinetics, cell killing, and the production of chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The concentration of BeSO4 required to kill 50% of CHO cells exposed to BeSO4 for 20 h was determined to...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Technological developments in radiation therapy and other cancer therapies have led to a progressive increase in five-year survival rates over the last few decades. Although acute effects have been largely minimized by both technical advances and medical interventions, late effects remain a concern. Indeed, the need t...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1667/rr2530.1
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF EMF) exposures to human health has been widely debated. Epidemiological studies have found a possible correlation between increased cancer incidence and environmental ELF EMF exposures. Results from in vitro studies performed to examine the possible unde...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/0033-7587(2000)153[0663:eodctl]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In light-ion radiation therapy, both the dose and the local energy spectrum, which is often characterized with the linear energy transfer (LET), must be considered. In treatment optimization, it is advantageous to use a radiobiological model that analytically accounts for both dose and LET for the ion type of interest...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR2045.1
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radiation exposure causes DNA breaks leading to structural chromosome aberrations that can be carcinogenic. Lifetime cancer risks are elevated in irradiated children compared to similarly exposed adults. To determine the extent to which age influences the frequency and types of chromosome damage in response to ionizin...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR13598.1
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::While the link between risk of leukemia and acute radiation exposure is well established for large doses received acutely, uncertainty remains around the translation of these risk estimates to occupational exposure scenarios where the doses are low and accumulated over time, possibly over many years. We present leukem...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR15358.1
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00