Abstract：
:Several components of the GH axis are involved in tumor progression, and GH-induced intracellular signaling has been strongly associated with breast cancer susceptibility in genome-wide association studies. In the general population, high IGF-I levels and low IGF-binding protein-3 levels within the normal range are associated with the development of common malignancies, and components of the GH-IGF signaling system exhibit correlations with clinical, histopathological, and therapeutic parameters in cancer patients. Despite promising findings in preclinical studies, anticancer therapies targeting the GH-IGF signaling system have led to disappointing results in clinical trials. There is substantial evidence for some degree of protection against tumor development in several animal models and in patients with genetic defects associated with GH deficiency or resistance. In contrast, the link between GH excess and cancer risk in acromegaly patients is much less clear, and cancer screening in acromegaly has been a highly controversial issue. Recent studies have shown that increased life expectancy in acromegaly patients who attain normal GH and IGF-I levels is associated with more deaths due to age-related cancers. Replacement GH therapy in GH deficiency hypopituitary adults and short children has been shown to be safe when no other risk factors for malignancy are present. Nevertheless, the use of GH in cancer survivors and in short children with RASopathies, chromosomal breakage syndromes, or DNA-repair disorders should be carefully evaluated owing to an increased risk of recurrence, primary cancer, or second neoplasia in these individuals.
journal_name
Endocr Revjournal_title
Endocrine reviewsauthors
Boguszewski CL,Boguszewski MCDSdoi
10.1210/er.2018-00166subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-04-01 00:00:00pages
558-574issue
2eissn
0163-769Xissn
1945-7189pii
5214057journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Rats bearing transplantable Walker 256 carcinoma provide an opportunity to assess thyroid function and activity during an interval of time when the tumor has not affected growth rate. Rats with tumor have decreased serum T4 and T3 concentration and decreased serum FT4 and FT3 as well. These changes are due to a decrea...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/edrv-6-1-87
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from the islet beta-cell involves a sequence of metabolic events and an interplay between a wide range of signaling pathways leading to the generation of second messengers (e.g., cyclic nucleotides, adenine and guanine nucleotides, soluble lipid messengers) and mobilization of calc...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2009-0022
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent, rapid changes in the treatment of type 1 diabetes have allowed for commercialization of an "artificial pancreas" that is better described as a closed-loop controller of insulin delivery. This review presents the current state of closed-loop control systems and expected future developments with a discussion of ...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2018-00174
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Breast cancer, the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in American women, varies substantially in incidence and mortality according to race and ethnicity in the United States. Although the overall incidence of breast cancer among African-American (AA) women is lower than in white American women, this can...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2006-0019
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the past decade, possible advancement in timing of puberty has been reported in the United States. In addition, early pubertal development and an increased incidence of sexual precocity have been noticed in children, primarily girls, migrating for foreign adoption in several Western European countries. These ob...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2002-0019
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hox genes have a well-characterized role in embryonic development, where they determine identity along the anteroposterior body axis. Hox genes are expressed not only during embryogenesis but also in the adult, where they are necessary for functional differentiation. Despite the known function of these genes as transc...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2005-0018
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoclasts and osteoblasts dictate skeletal mass, structure, and strength via their respective roles in resorbing and forming bone. Bone remodeling is a spatially coordinated lifelong process whereby old bone is removed by osteoclasts and replaced by bone-forming osteoblasts. The refilling of resorption cavities is i...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2007-0014
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natriuretic peptides are a family of structurally related but genetically distinct hormones/paracrine factors that regulate blood volume, blood pressure, ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary hypertension, fat metabolism, and long bone growth. The mammalian members are atrial natriuretic peptide, B-type natriuretic pepti...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2005-0014
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The integrity of the Tg structure as a protein is essential for adequate synthesis of thyroid hormone. Also a large supply of iodine and of thyroid hormone is stored into the Tg molecule and available for secretion on demand. Mutations in Tg gene or hyposialylated Tg due to a defective sialyltransferase activity would...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/edrv-14-2-165
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gut hormones signal to the central nervous system to influence energy homeostasis. Evidence supports the existence of a system in the gut that senses the presence of food in the gastrointestinal tract and signals to the brain via neural and endocrine mechanisms to regulate short-term appetite and satiety. Recent evide...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2006-0028
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent identification of new selenocysteine-containing proteins has revealed relationships between the two trace elements selenium (Se) and iodine and the hormone network. Several selenoproteins participate in the protection of thyrocytes from damage by H(2)O(2) produced for thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Iodothyronine...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2001-0034
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The vitamin D endocrine system is essential for calcium and bone homeostasis. The precise mode of action and the full spectrum of activities of the vitamin D hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)(2)D], can now be better evaluated by critical analysis of mice with engineered deletion of the vitamin D receptor (VD...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2008-0004
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hippo signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that critically regulates development and homeostasis of various tissues in response to a wide range of extracellular and intracellular signals. As an emerging important player in many diseases, the Hippo pathway is also involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2017-00167
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spermatogenesis is the process by which a single spermatogonium develops into 256 spermatozoa, one of which will fertilize the ovum. Since the 1950s when the stages of the epithelial cycle were first described, reproductive biologists have been in pursuit of one question: How can a spermatogonium traverse the epitheli...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2003-0022
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The past few years have provided substantial evidence for the vital role of the local tumor microenvironment for various aspects of tumor progression. With obesity and its pathophysiological sequelae still on the rise, the adipocyte is increasingly moving center stage in the context of tumor stroma-related studies. To...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2010-0030
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Disruption of the GH receptor (GHR) gene eliminates GH-induced intracellular signaling and, thus, its biological actions. Therefore, the GHR gene disrupted mouse (GHR-/-) has been and is a valuable tool for helping to define various parameters of GH physiology. Since its creation in 1995, this mouse strain has been us...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2010-0009
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cells from the chorionic girdle of the equine trophoblast invade the maternal endometrium at day 36 of gestation and become established as secretory elements known as the endometrial cups. These structures, which persist for 40-60 days, produce a gonadotropin which can be found in circulation until about day 130 of ge...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/edrv-12-1-27
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Investigations of biological programs that are controlled by gene transcription have mainly studied the regulation of transcription factors. However, there are examples in which the primary focus of biological regulation is at the level of a transcriptional coactivator. We have reviewed here the molecular mechanisms a...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2002-0012
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin resistance is a major feature of most patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). A number of laboratories have observed that PC-1 (membrane [corrected] glycoprotein plasma cell antigen 1; also termed [corrected] ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 or ENPP1) [corrected] is either overexpressed...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2007-0004
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The major goal of this review is to summarize recent exciting findings that have been published within the past 10 years that, to our knowledge, have not been presented in detail in previous reviews and that may impact altered follicular development in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and premature ovarian failure i...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2017-00164
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Normal reproductive function in mammals requires precise control of LH synthesis and secretion by gonadotropes of the anterior pituitary. Synthesis of LH requires expression of two genes [alpha-glycoprotein subunit (alphaGSU) and LHbeta] located on different chromosomes. Hormones from the hypothalamus and gonads modul...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2003-0029
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The secretion of glucocorticoids (GCs) is a classic endocrine response to stress. Despite that, it remains controversial as to what purpose GCs serve at such times. One view, stretching back to the time of Hans Selye, posits that GCs help mediate the ongoing or pending stress response, either via basal levels of GCs p...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/edrv.21.1.0389
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin degradation is a regulated process that plays a role in controlling insulin action by removing and inactivating the hormone. Abnormalities in insulin clearance and degradation are present in various pathological conditions including type 2 diabetes and obesity and may be important in producing clinical problem...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/edrv.19.5.0349
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well known that GH is important in the regulation of longitudinal bone growth. Its role in the regulation of bone metabolism in man has not been understood until recently. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that GH is important in the regulation of both bone formation and bone resorption. In ...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/edrv.19.1.0324
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many hormones, growth factors, and cytokines regulate proliferation of their target cells. Perhaps the most universal signaling cascades required for proliferative responses are those initiated by transient rises in intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)). The major intracellular receptor for Ca(2+) is calmodulin (CaM). CaM is...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2003-0008
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phosphate plays essential roles in many biological processes, and the serum phosphate level is tightly controlled. Chronic hypophosphatemia causes impaired mineralization of the bone matrix and results in rickets and osteomalacia. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a bone-derived hormone that regulates phosphate m...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2017-00220
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors (COUP-TFs) belong to the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. Cloning of their cDNAs demonstrated the existence of two distinct but related genes: COUP-TFI (EAR-3, NR2F1) and COUP-TFII (ARP-1, NR2F2). They are referred to as orphan receptors because li...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2010-0021
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Substantial advances have been made recently in the pathobiology of pituitary tumors. Similar to many other endocrine tumors, over the last few years we have recognized the role of germline and somatic mutations in a number of syndromic or nonsyndromic conditions with pituitary tumor predisposition. These include the ...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1210/endrev/bnaa006
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a large body of literature showing that prolactin (PRL) exerts growth-promoting activities in breast cancer, and possibly in prostate cancer and prostate hyperplasia. In addition, increasing evidence argues for the involvement of locally produced (autocrine) PRL, perhaps even more than pituitary-secreted (end...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2004-0016
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was hypothesized to result from functional ovarian hyperandrogenism (FOH) due to dysregulation of androgen secretion in 1989-1995. Subsequent studies have supported and amplified this hypothesis. When defined as otherwise unexplained hyperandrogenic oligoanovulation, two-thirds of PCOS...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2015-1104
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
