Abstract：
INTRODUCTION:Grand Canyon National Park has seen an increase in visitors traversing the canyon from rim to rim (R2R) in a single day. R2R hikers travel over 33.8 km (21 mi) over 3300 m (11,000 ft) of elevation change and endure large temperature changes. Grand Canyon emergency medical service providers provide emergency medical services to over 1100 visitors annually. Direct guidance by Preventive Search and Rescue rangers has improved safety. The objective of this study was to examine visitors attempting an R2R traverse and to enhance PSAR rangers' anticipatory guidance. METHODS:We conducted an observational study of R2R hikers in the spring and fall of 2015. Hikers consented to study inclusion and were interviewed at the starting trailhead, canyon bottom, and exit trailhead. We performed a survey and collected biometric data. RESULTS:We enrolled 617 visitors with a median age of 43 y (interquartile range [IQR] 33-53); 65% were male and 46% had hiked the R2R a median number of 3 times previously (IQR 2-7). Hydration strategies included water bottle only (20%), hydration bladder only (31%), and both water bottle and hydration bladder (48%). R2R crossers had an average start time of 0530 (SD 1.3 h) and median crossing time of 11.9 h (IQR 10.7-13.3). Crossing time and self-reported fatigue were negatively correlated with prior R2R experience (P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS:Crossing R2R in a day is hazardous and associated with risk of injury and illness. The results of this study can be used by Preventive Search and Rescue to reduce these risks by educating hikers.
journal_name
Wilderness Environ Medjournal_title
Wilderness & environmental medicineauthors
Pearce EA,Jelínková L,Fullerton L,Malcolm CJ,Heinrich HL,Norwil EJ,Plate A,Hall M,Bossart CS,Schaller E,Harrell AJ,Femling JKdoi
10.1016/j.wem.2018.08.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-03-01 00:00:00pages
4-11issue
1eissn
1080-6032issn
1545-1534pii
S1080-6032(18)30146-7journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Stingray envenomation is a common occurrence. X-ray evaluation of stingray wounds is an unnecessarily misunderstood diagnostic concept. We present the case of a patient stung by a stingray with a prolonged and complicated course and permanent disability due to a retained barb. The patient had undergone multiple medica...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2015.03.006
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Closed-circuit oxygen rebreathers may provide high concentrations of oxygen at extremely low flow rates appropriate for field use with limited oxygen supplies. The performance of the preproduction, second-generation remote emergency medical oxygen (REMO(2)) system developed for Divers Alert Network was evalua...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1580/06-WEME-OR-032R.1
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:This study sought to create a model for testing topical treatment of jellyfish stings. It sought to determine which treatments 1) stimulate/inhibit nematocyst discharge; 2) decrease pain; and 3) decrease skin inflammation; it also sought to discover whether there is a clinical correlation between stimulated ...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2015.10.008
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a recognized risk of rapid ascent to high altitude. Since the recognition of this entity more than 30 years ago, most pulmonary deaths at high altitude have been attributed to HAPE. However, as the bodies can almost never be recovered for postmortem examination, rare diagnoses t...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1580/1080-6032(1995)006[0220:pepaha]2.3.co;2
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a potentially deadly disease associated with exposure to altitudes greater than 3000 m. Individuals who have previously experienced HAPE are at a significantly higher risk of recurrence, suggesting an underlying genetic component to HAPE pathogenesis. In a previous nuc...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2012.03.007
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A hydatid cyst is a parasitic disease caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. It is endemic in many areas, including New Zealand, Australia, and the Mediterranean region. Pulmonary hydatid disease can be diagnosed incidentally in asymptomatic patients or may cause symptoms such as cough, chest pain, dyspnea, f...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1580/07-WEME-CR-1561.1
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite recent growth, opportunities for preclinical medical students to engage with the field of wilderness medicine remain geographically, financially, and logistically limited. Attendees of the 2018 Mid-Atlantic Student Wilderness Medicine Conference were invited to complete a post hoc web-based survey after the ev...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2019.06.009
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A tool that can differentiate ischemic stroke from other neurological conditions (eg, hemorrhagic stroke, high-altitude cerebral edema) in the field could enable more rapid thrombolysis when appropriate. The resources (eg, an MRI or CT scanner) to investigate stroke at high altitude may be limited, and hence a portabl...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2010.10.007
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fatalities secondary to inhalation of volcanic gases in the United States have rarely been reported. We report the deaths of 3 ski patrol members at a popular California ski resort. After a snowstorm, ski patrol members were fencing off a well-known volcanic fumarole when the snow around the vent collapsed. Two member...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1580/08-WEME-CR-199.1
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Cuzco, Peru, is host to a dangerous mix of high altitude and rapid access from low elevation, which results in a high prevalence of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Thus, it is important that travelers entering Cuzco understand the basics of AMS. To this end, we assessed travelers' awareness of AMS, especially ...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1580/06-weme-or-013r.1
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Little is known about health care provider interest, knowledge, and beliefs regarding the health effects of human-induced environmental degradation (HIED). A survey was created and distributed to better characterize health provider beliefs about the adverse health effects of HIED. METHODS:An invitation to pa...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1580/08-WEME-OR-222R1.1
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare altitude responses of 2 ultraendurance athletes and 2 nonathletes during a 2-week expedition on Denali (Mount McKinley). METHODS:The severity of acute mountain sickness (AMS) symptoms (Lake Louise AMS guidelines) and pulmonary function parameters (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1580/1080-6032(2005)16[198:prouaa]2.0.co;2
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stingrays are found in open waters and are also kept in exhibits in many aquariums throughout the world. They are generally nonaggressive creatures by nature, but they can inflict injuries with their spines if provoked. We present a case of a 62-y-old diver who was pierced in the chest by the barb of a stingray while ...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2019.09.004
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Winter sports continue to be a popular form of recreation, but few studies have focused on serious injuries. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the major morbidity associated with downhill skiing, snowboarding, and sledding and to determine the incidence of serious injuries sustained while downhill...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1580/1080-6032(2002)013[0245:ssasii]2.0.co;2
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pig bite injuries are an infrequently described consequence of human-animal conflict. The domestic pig is thought to be a placid animal not given to unprovoked aggression. We report 2 separate cases of children managed at our institution who sustained abdominal injuries after attack by domestic pigs in rural Zimbabwe....
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2019.08.002
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Minimal data exist regarding the activity, membership, training, and medical oversight of search and rescue (SAR) teams. OBJECTIVE:Our objective was to describe these characteristics in the Intermountain West SAR organizations. METHODS:A contact list was generated and electronic surveys were sent to SAR of...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2013.08.002
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Avalanches pose a life-threatening risk to participants of outdoor winter activities. Determining the causes of death in avalanche fatalities can aid rescue and resuscitation strategies and hopefully improve survival. METHODS:The study population included all avalanche fatalities in Utah from the 1989-90 to ...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1580/07-WEME-OR-092R1.1
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine circulating hormonal responses in men competing in the Western States Endurance Run (WSER, June 23 to 24, 2012): a 161-km trail run that starts in Squaw Valley, CA, and concludes in Auburn, CA. METHODS:We examined 12 men who completed the WSER. Blood samples were obtained the morning before the ra...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2014.03.013
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A captive breeding program for venomous Thai snakes was established at the Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute at Bangkok, Thailand. This was necessary to secure a stable, healthy, and species-confirmed source of snake venom for antivenom production. In 1994, wild-caught specimens were collected, sexed, quarantined, and...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1580/1080-6032(2001)012[0017:vshit]2.0.co;2
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Skiing and snowboarding are popular activities that involve high kinetic energies, often at altitude, and injuries are common. As a portable imaging modality, ultrasound may be a useful adjunct for mountainside clinics. This review briefly discusses skier and snowboarder injury profiles and focuses on the ro...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2012.03.012
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The case of a 42-y-old rock climber who sustained a complete, isolated rupture of the short head of the biceps brachii muscle after falling onto his upper arm while bouldering is presented. This is the first description of this rare injury after a climbing accident. Moreover, there is no definitive consensus on whethe...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type：
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2020.04.006
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 67-year-old woman presented to a community emergency department in Orange County, CA, after she was stung by a scorpion identified as Centruroides limbatus from Central America. She developed local pain and systemic symptoms, including parasthesias, flushing, hypertension, and wheezing. Envenomation by this genus of...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1580/1080-6032(1999)010[0161:ebtslo]2.3.co;2
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article describes 3 incidents in which therapeutic or experimental warming of cold individuals caused first- to third-degree burns to the skin. Mechanisms for these injuries are considered. We conclude that active external rewarming of the trunk of a cold patient in the field can be administered safely and burn r...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2019.06.005
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of gender and menstrual cycle on the percent of carbohydrate (CHO) utilized during cold water immersion (20 degrees C). Previous research has suggested that males and females utilize CHO differently during submaximal exercise. This study examined whether t...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1580/1080-6032(2000)011[0005:teogam]2.3.co;2
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The presence of coliform bacteria indicates a watershed risk for harboring microbes capable of causing human disease. We hypothesized that water from watersheds that have different human- or animal-use patterns would have differing risks for the presence of coliform bacteria. METHODS; Water was collected in w...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1580/pr05-05.1
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Portable electronic devices play an important role in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Electromagnetic interference from electronic devices has been shown to impair the function of an avalanche transceiver in search mode (but not in transmitting mode). This study investigates the influence of elect...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2014.12.016
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Injuries caused by wild boar attacks are rare. A 34-year-old male shepherd sustained injuries caused by a wild boar attack, and was brought to our emergency department. The patient had 2 skin and deep tissue lacerations on the posterior aspect of his thigh. Herein, we discuss the clinical management of a wild boar bit...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2011.06.005
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Depending on their theatre of operation, French soldiers may potentially be exposed to scorpion stings and snakebites. Following the recommendations of a French military health service (FMHS) technical committee for envenomation, the FMHS provides antivenoms appropriate to each deployment. This work aimed ...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2020.01.006
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The main goal was to explore the different toxin properties (proteolytic, hemorrhagic, and neurotoxic) of Leptodeira annulata ashmeadii Duvernoy's gland secretion (DGS). METHODS:To separate and characterize the different proteins present in L. annulata ashmeadii DGS, 20% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1580/1080-6032(2004)015[0082:phanac]2.0.co;2
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained during the 2009 season at Whistler Mountain Bike Park. METHODS:A retrospective chart review was performed of injured bike park cyclists presenting to the Whistler Health Clinic between May 16 and October 12, 2009. RESULTS:Of 898 cases, 86% were male (median...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2012.02.002
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
