Abstract:
:Recent experimental studies of the role of microtubule sliding in neurite outgrowth suggested a qualitative model, according to which kinesin-1 motors push the minus-end-out microtubules against the cell membrane and generate the early cell processes. At the later stage, dynein takes over the sliding, expels the minus-end-out microtubules from the neurites, and pulls in the plus-end-out microtubules that continue to elongate the nascent axon. This model leaves unanswered a number of questions: why is dynein unable to generate the processes alone, whereas kinesin-1 can? What is the role of microtubule dynamics in process initiation and growth? Can the model correctly predict the rates of process growth in control and dynein-inhibited cases? What triggers the transition from kinesin-driven to dynein-driven sliding? To answer these questions, we combine computational modeling of a network of elastic dynamic microtubules and kinesin-1 and dynein motors with measurements of the process growth kinetics and pharmacological perturbations in Drosophila S2 cells. The results verify quantitatively the qualitative model of the microtubule polarity sorting and suggest that dynein-powered elongation is effective only when the processes are longer than a threshold length, which explains why kinesin-1 alone, but not dynein, is sufficient for the process growth. Furthermore, we show that the mechanism of process elongation depends critically on microtubule dynamic instability. Both modeling and experimental measurements show, surprisingly, that dynein inhibition accelerates the process extension. We discuss implications of the model for the general problems of cell polarization, cytoskeletal polarity emergence, and cell process protrusion.
journal_name
Biophys Jjournal_title
Biophysical journalauthors
Oelz DB,Del Castillo U,Gelfand VI,Mogilner Adoi
10.1016/j.bpj.2018.08.046subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-10-16 00:00:00pages
1614-1624issue
8eissn
0006-3495issn
1542-0086pii
S0006-3495(18)31024-5journal_volume
115pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We report the crystal structure of a bromide-bound form of the D85S mutant of bacteriorhodopsin, bR(D85S), a protein that uses light energy rather than ATP to pump halide ions across the cell membrane. Comparison of the structure of the halide-bound and halide-free states reveals that both displacements of individual ...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74490-7
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proliferation of mammalian cells, even under conditions of unlimited growth, presents a complex problem because of the interaction of deterministic and stochastic processes. Division of the cell cycle into a finite number of parts establishes a multidimensional vector space. In this space an arbitrary culture can be r...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(66)86656-0
更新日期:1966-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Embryo and oocyte cryopreservation is a widely used technology for cryopreservation of genetic resources. One limitation of cryopreservation is the low tolerance to freezing observed for oocytes and embryos rich in lipid droplets. We apply Raman spectroscopy to investigate freezing of lipid droplets inside cumulus-ooc...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2018.06.019
更新日期:2018-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling is initialized by the release of Ca from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in response to a sudden increase in local cytosolic [Ca] ([Ca]i) within the junctional cleft. We have tested the hypothesis that functional ryanodine receptor (RyR) regulation plays a major role in the regu...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1529/biophysj.105.068734
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We study DNA supercoiling in a quantitative fashion by micromanipulating single linear DNA molecules with a magnetic field gradient. By anchoring one end of the DNA to multiple sites on a magnetic bead and the other end to multiple sites on a glass surface, we were able to exert torsional control on the DNA. A rotatin...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(98)77908-1
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Erythrocytes were electrofused with multiple rectangular voltage pulses to show an oscillatory movement, divided into swell phases and pump events. During each swell phase, which lasted from 0.5 s to more than 180 s, the fused cells' (doublets') volume increased by colloid osmotic swelling, and the membrane area was e...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(99)77094-3
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nanodiscs that hold a lipid bilayer surrounded by a boundary of scaffold proteins have emerged as a powerful tool for membrane protein solubilization and analysis. By combining nanodiscs and cell-free expression technologies, even completely detergent-free membrane protein characterization protocols can be designed. N...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2017.03.026
更新日期:2017-09-19 00:00:00
abstract::Many proteins contain flexible structures such as loops and hinged domains. A simple root mean square deviation (RMSD) alignment of two different conformations of the same protein can be skewed by the difference between the mobile regions. To overcome this problem, we have developed a novel method to overlay two prote...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1529/biophysj.105.066654
更新日期:2006-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes the relation between the quantum yield of photosynthesis in the red alga Porphyridium cruentum, and the spectral composition of light, changed by filtering white light through aqueous phycobilin solutions of increasing optical density. At sufficiently high densities of the filter solution, no meas...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(60)86876-2
更新日期:1960-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A model for the action of vinblastine (VLB) on cells multiplying exponentially in vivo with a generation time, T(G), has been derived. It is based on the assumption that cells attempting to pass through mitosis in the presence of VLB lose their proliferative capacity and that this lethal effect occurs only when the ce...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(66)86646-8
更新日期:1966-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have measured, using infrared spectroscopy, the hydrogen/deuterium exchange rates of the amide protons in the photosynthetic antenna of Rhodospirillum rubrum. These measurements were made not only on the intact protein in detergent solution but also on two dissociated forms (B820 and B777). We have, on the basis of...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(98)74022-6
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::T cell receptor phosphorylation by Lck is an essential step in T cell activation. It is known that the conformational states of Lck control enzymatic activity; however, the underlying principles of how Lck finds its substrate over the plasma membrane remain elusive. Here, single-particle tracking is paired with photoa...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2020.01.041
更新日期:2020-03-24 00:00:00
abstract::Proton translocation activity of bacteriorhodopsin mutants lacking the proton acceptor Asp-85 was investigated using the black lipid membrane technique. Mutants D85N, D85T, and D85,96N were constructed and homologously expressed in Halobacterium salinarium to yield a membrane fraction with a buoyant density of 1.18 g/...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(94)80642-3
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy was used to follow the local and global changes in structure and dynamics during chemical and thermal denaturation of unlabeled human serum albumin (HSA) and HSA with an acrylodan moiety bound to Cys34. Acrylodan fluorescence was monitored to obtain information ...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(98)77598-8
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The voltage-gated potassium channel protein KvLQT1 (Wang et al., 1996. Nature Genet. 12:17-23) is believed to underlie the delayed rectifier potassium current of cardiac muscle together with the small membrane protein minK (also named IsK) as an essential auxiliary subunit (Barhanin et al., 1996. Nature. 384:78-80; Sa...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(98)77568-X
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Probes and biosensors that incorporate luminescent Tb(III) or Eu(III) complexes are promising for cellular imaging because time-gated microscopes can detect their long-lifetime (approximately milliseconds) emission without interference from short-lifetime (approximately nanoseconds) fluorescence background. Moreover, ...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2015.06.028
更新日期:2015-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::Combining an azobenzene chromophore with the bis-cysteinyl active-site sequence of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) we constructed a simple but promising model for allosteric conformational rearrangements. Paralleling cellular signaling events, an external trigger, here absorption of a photon, leads to a structur...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1529/biophysj.105.067363
更新日期:2006-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::GABA and glycine receptors (GlyRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels that respond to the inhibitory neurotransmitters by opening a chloride-selective central pore lined with five M2 segments homologous to those of alpha(1) GlyR/ ARVG(2')LGIT(6')TVLTMTTQSSGSR. The activity of cyanotriphenylborate (CTB) and picro...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(00)76729-4
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We aimed to investigate insulin amyloid fibril polymorphism caused by salt effects and heating temperature and to visualize the structural differences of the polymorphisms in situ using Raman imaging without labeling. The time course monitoring for amyloid formation was carried out in an acidic condition without any s...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2020.04.031
更新日期:2020-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::A recent analysis of the normal modes of vibration of a ring formed by bringing together and sealing, with or without the addition of twist, the ends of rods that are straight when stress free is taken as the basis for a theory of the statistical thermodynamics of a canonical ensemble of DNA minicircles with specified...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(98)77962-7
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the wavelength dependence of retinal Schiff base absorbencies on the protonation state of the chromophore at the multiconfigurational level of theory using second order perturbation theory (CASPT2) within an atomic natural orbital basis set on MP2 optimized geometries. Quantitative agreement between ca...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1529/biophysj.106.087122
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myofilament extensibility is a key structural parameter for interpreting myosin cross-bridge kinetics in striated muscle. Previous studies reported much higher thick-filament extensibility at low tension than the better-known and commonly used values at high tension, but in interpreting mechanical studies of muscle, a...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2018.08.038
更新日期:2018-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of 5 ns on protein-DNA complexes of catabolite-activator protein (CAP), lambda-repressor, and their corresponding uncomplexed protein and DNA, are reported. These cases represent two extremes of DNA bending, with CAP DNA bent severely and the lambda-operator nearly straight when com...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1529/biophysj.104.053843
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The resonance Raman spectrum of the second intermediate in the bacteriorhodopsin cycle, bL550, is obtained by a simple flow technique. The Schiff base linkage in this intermediate appears to be protonated, contrary to previous suggestion. The fingerprint region of the spectrum of bL550 does not closely match those of ...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(79)85269-8
更新日期:1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cryoelectron microscopy has been used to study the reorganization of unilamellar cationic lipid vesicles upon the addition of DNA. Unilamellar DNA-coated vesicles, as well as multilamellar DNA lipid complexes, could be observed. Also, DNA induced fusion of unilamellar vesicles was found. DNA appears to adsorb to the o...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(99)77467-9
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is now rare to find biological, or genetic investigations that do not rely on the tools, data, and thinking drawn from the genomic sciences. Much of this revolution is powered by contemporary sequencing approaches that readily deliver large, genome-wide data sets that not only provide genetic insights but also uniq...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2019.07.038
更新日期:2019-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence that the fluorophore sempervirene binds to nucleic acids is presented. The complexes were studied by fluorescence intensity, spectra, decay lifetime, and polarization methods. Both fluorescent and nonfluorescent complexes are formed. The sempervirene is rigidly fixed to DNA. If ethidium bromide and sempervire...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(74)85906-0
更新日期:1974-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Observation of cell membrane buckling and cell folding in micropipette aspiration experiments was used to evaluate the bending rigidity of the red blood cell membrane. The suction pressure required to buckle the membrane surface initially was found to be about one-half to two-thirds of the pressure that caused the cel...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(83)84319-7
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A phospholipid chelate complexed with ytterbium (DMPE-DTPA:Yb3+) is shown to be readily incorporated into a model membrane system, which may then be aligned in a magnetic field such that the average bilayer normal lies along the field. This so-called positively ordered smectic phase, whose lipids consist of less than ...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(98)77659-3
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current analyses of protein sequence/structure relationships have focused on expected similarity relationships for structurally similar proteins. To survey and explore the basis of these relationships, we present a general sequence/structure map that covers all combinations of similarity/dissimilarity relationships an...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(02)75287-9
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00