Abstract:
:The increased application of nanoparticles (NPs) is increasing the risk of their release into the environment. Although many toxicity studies have been conducted, the environmental risk is difficult to estimate, because uptake mechanisms are often not determined in toxicity studies. In the present study, the authors review dominant uptake mechanisms of NPs in cells, as well as the effect of NP properties, experimental conditions, and cell type on NP uptake. Knowledge of NP uptake is crucial for risk assessment and is essential to predict the behavior of NPs based on their physical-chemical properties. Important uptake mechanisms for eukaryotic cells are macropinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and phagocytosis in specialized mammalian cells. The studies reviewed demonstrate that uptake into nonphagocytic cells depends strongly on NP size, with an uptake optimum at an NP diameter of approximately 50 nm. Increasing surface charges, either positive or negative, have been shown to increase particle uptake in comparison with uncharged NPs. Another important factor is the degree of (homo-) aggregation. Results regarding shape have been ambiguous. Difficulties in the production of NPs, with 1 property changed at a time, call for a full characterization of NP properties. Only then will it be possible to draw conclusions as to which property affected the uptake.
journal_name
Environ Toxicol Chemjournal_title
Environmental toxicology and chemistryauthors
Kettler K,Veltman K,van de Meent D,van Wezel A,Hendriks AJdoi
10.1002/etc.2470subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-03-01 00:00:00pages
481-92issue
3eissn
0730-7268issn
1552-8618journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Co-occurrence of pyrethroids and metals in watersheds previously has been reported to pose great risk to aquatic species. Pyrethroids are a class of chiral insecticides that have been shown to have enantioselective toxicity and biotransformation. However, the influence of metals on enantioselectivity of pyrethroids ha...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.3747
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bioaccumulation assessment predominantly relies on the bioconcentration factor (BCF) as the sole decisive metric. The test guideline 305 by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) provides the standard procedure for deriving this in vivo fish BCF, which is not only expensive and labor-intensi...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4791
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Daphnia magna is a widely used model organism for aquatic toxicity testing. In the present study, the authors investigated the hydrolytic enzyme activity of D. magna after exposure to toxicant stress. In vivo enzyme activity was quantified using 15 fluorogenic enzyme probes based on 4-methylumbelliferyl or 7-amino-4-m...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.2997
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxicity testing with Antarctic species is required for risk assessment of fuel spills in Antarctic coastal waters. The lethal and sublethal (movement behavior) sensitivities of adults and juveniles of the Antarctic amphipod Paramoera walkeri to the water accommodated fractions (WAFs) of 3 fuels were estimated in exte...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.3778
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study investigates the germination and growth of Triticum aestivum exposed to two different microcystins (microcystin-LR [where the two variable places in the toxin molecule are leucine (L) and arginine (R) (MC-LR)] and microcystin-RR) and to cell-free cyanobacterial crude extract containing MC-LR. The con...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/07-145.1
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modulations of 11 prospective biochemical markers of impacts of aquatic pollutants in liver tissue of chub (Leuciscus cephalus), caught at several sampling sites of a river with various pollution types and rates, were matched against analytical data of concentrations of organochlorine compounds, polycyclic aromatic hy...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors used 5 species of periphytic algae to conduct toxicity assays of 20 herbicides. The 5 tested species represent riverine primary producers most likely to be affected by herbicides. A fluorescence microplate toxicity assay was used as an efficient and economical high-throughput assay. Toxicity characteristic...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.3150
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The major toxaphene metabolites in sediment and soils (2-exo,3-endo,6-exo,8,9,10-hexachlorobornane [B6-923] and 2-endo,3-exo,5-endo,6-exo,8,9,10-heptachlorobornane [B7-1001]) were incubated with the isolated gram-negative bacterium Dehalospirillum multivorans. Within 14 d, biotransformation of B7-1001 was nearly quant...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-221
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Storm events lead to agricultural and urban runoff, to mobilization of contaminated particulate matter, and to input from combined sewer overflows into rivers. We conducted time-resolved sampling during a storm event at the Ammer River, southwest Germany, which is representative of small river systems in densely popul...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4910
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aquatic organisms can take up toxicants from water (aqueous exposure) and from food (dietary exposure), yet current environmental regulations often fail to consider the toxic effects of dietary exposure. Such unrealistic exposure scenarios may lead to ineffective water-quality standards or discharge consents that fail...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/05-316r1.1
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concentrations of hydrophobic organic contaminants in zooplankton have been hypothesized to be governed by either near-equilibrium partitioning with surrounding water, growth dilution, or biomagnification. Concentrations of 17 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in size-fractionated zooplankton, in phytopla...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/05-319r1.1
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This three-year study evaluated the effects of best management practices (BMPs) in reducing surface water contamination at an urban golf course. Water samples were collected before BMP implementation from two ponds on Braeburn Golf Course (Wichita, KS, USA). The pesticides 2,4-dicholorodiphenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a highly selective and sensitive method for determination of estrone (E1) and beta-estradiol (E2) in sediments, using high-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight (HPLC-ToF) mass spectrometry. The method involved sequential cleanup of sediment extracts over solid phase extraction cartridges, norma...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/04-167r.1
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this work, susceptibility to oxidative stress was analyzed under laboratory conditions in the European eel Anguilla anguilla. Eels were treated with increasing concentrations of benchmark environmental pollutants, namely, benzo[a]pyrene ([BaP], at 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 50 mg/kg), beta-naphthoflavone ([BNF], at 0, 0.1,...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-378
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated the effects of dietary methylmercury (MeHg) on immune system development in captive-reared nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius) to determine whether T cell-mediated and antibody-mediated adaptive immunity are targets for MeHg toxicity at environmentally relevant concentrations. Nestlings ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.519
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Field populations of aquatic organisms, particularly those inhabiting flowing waters, likely are exposed to short pulses of pesticides following periods of spray drift, surface runoff, or drain flow. In the present study, we investigated the effect of pulse exposures of a pyrethroid insecticide, esfenvalerate, on surv...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-547.1
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies in Bayou Bartholomew, Arkansas, USA, indicated significant relationships between the individual health of fish sampled from 13 sites and specific biochemical responses. Evaluation of several biochemical endpoints in 1994 indicated the bioavailable occurrence of either polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) co...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methods are presented for selecting values of chemical properties of vapor pressure, water solubility, Henry's law constant, and octanol-water and octanol-air partition coefficients, which are subject to thermodynamic constraints, while taking advantage of all measurements. The aim of the mathematical procedures is to...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) were collected from a corn-growing region (CGR) and a non-corn-growing region (NCGR) with different exposure profiles for atrazine and related triazines. Physical, chemical, and biological parameters from the catchment areas were also measured. Frogs were surveyed for possib...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-450
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In some kinetic studies with aquatic invertebrates, the bioaccumulation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been observed to peak at the beginning of the test. This has been explained by the depletion of PAHs from pore water due to limited desorption during the bioaccumulation test or, alternatively, by the activa...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/01-171.1
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study investigated the effects of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) on the thyroid and steroid-metabolizing system in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr. Fish were exposed to waterborne DDE and thyroxine (T4), both singly and in combination, for 5 d. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSHbeta), ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/05-376r1.1
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Embryonic zebrafish were used to compare the uptake and metabolism of six polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners (BDEs 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, and 183) and identified metabolites from static exposures at 24 and 120 h postfertilization (hpf). An inverse relationship was observed between uptake of PBDEs and their ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.2163
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To further characterize avian toxicity to environmental levels of select per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), we established species- and tissue-specific PFAS chronic toxicity values (CTVs) associated with a lowest-observable-adverse effect level (LOAEL) threshold previously established for northern bobwhite q...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4937
更新日期:2020-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::The present study determined the effects of environmentally relevant, short-term (4-h) exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide esfenvalerate on mortality, food consumption, growth, swimming ability, and predation risk in larvae of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Acute effect concentrations were determined, an...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/07-448.1
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fish plasma model (FPM) predicts the fish blood plasma concentration of a pharmaceutical from the water concentration to which the fish is exposed and compares it with the human therapeutic plasma concentration (Hther PC) with the postulate that no adverse toxic effects occur below the Hther PC. The present study ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4543
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phytochelatins are small, intracellular, metal-binding polypeptides produced by algae on exposure to increased metal concentration in their environment. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between phytochelatin concentration, bioaccumulated metal, and sensitivity of algal growth on cadmium exp...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/04-394r.1
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the Midwestern United States, waterways such as the Elkhorn River experience an annual spring pulse of runoff that carries sediments, nutrients, and organic compounds downstream. The objective of the present study was to elucidate relationships between contaminant load in Elkhorn River water and biological impacts ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.2928
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Variable sizes of nanoparticles, ranging from nano to micro scale, are of toxicological interest. In the present study, the authors hypothesized that, in addition to the size, the shape of iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles is a major factor that contributes to particle cytotoxicity. Cytotoxicity to mouse macrophage cel...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.2735
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synthetic organic chemicals are present in environmental compartments as complex mixtures and therefore their potential effects are difficult to predict. In this study, in vitro bioassays using wild-type fish and rat hepatoma cell lines and their corresponding recombinant cell systems were used to evaluate 2,3,7,8-tet...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluorotelomer carboxylic acids (FTCAs) and the corresponding unsaturated acids (FTUCAs) are known intermediates in the biodegradation of industrially produced fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) to environmentally persistent perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs). The FTCAs and FTUCAs are of concern for their toxicity, re...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.211
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00