Abstract:
:Various neuropathological findings have been reported in bipolar disorder (BD). However, it is unclear which findings are well established. To address this gap, we carried out a systematic review of the literature. We searched over 5000 publications, identifying 103 data papers, of which 81 were eligible for inclusion. Our main findings can be summarised as follows. First, most studies have relied on a limited number of brain collections, and have used relatively small sample sizes (averaging 12 BD cases and 15 controls). Second, surprisingly few studies have attempted to replicate closely a previous one, precluding substantial meta-analyses, such that the latter were all limited to two studies each, and comprising 16-36 BD cases and 16-74 controls. As such, no neuropathological findings can be considered to have been established beyond reasonable doubt. Nevertheless, there are several replicated positive findings in BD, including decreased cortical thickness and glial density in subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, reduced neuronal density in some amygdalar nuclei, and decreased calbindin-positive neuron density in prefrontal cortex. Many other positive findings have also been reported, but with limited or contradictory evidence. As an important negative result, it can be concluded that gliosis is not a feature of BD; neither is there neuropathological evidence for an inflammatory process.
journal_name
Mol Psychiatryjournal_title
Molecular psychiatryauthors
Harrison PJ,Colbourne L,Harrison CHdoi
10.1038/s41380-018-0213-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-08-01 00:00:00pages
1787-1808issue
8eissn
1359-4184issn
1476-5578pii
10.1038/s41380-018-0213-3journal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder for which anatomical brain alterations have been repeatedly reported in clinical samples. Unaffected at-risk groups have also been studied in an attempt to identify brain changes that do not reflect reverse causation or treatment effects. However, no robust associations hav...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0355-y
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with elevated risk for a variety of age-related diseases and neurodegeneration. In this paper, we review evidence relevant to the hypothesis that chronic PTSD constitutes a form of persistent life stress that potentiates oxidative stress (OXS) and accelerates cellula...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/mp.2014.111
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abnormalities in prefrontal gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic transmission, particularly in fast-spiking interneurons that express parvalbumin (PV), are hypothesized to contribute to the pathophysiology of multiple psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders and depression. Wh...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mp.2015.222
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Identifying genes for bipolar mood disorders through classic genetics has proven difficult. Here, we present a comprehensive convergent approach that translationally integrates brain gene expression data from a relevant pharmacogenomic mouse model (involving treatments with a stimulant--methamphetamine, and a mood sta...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001547
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Circulating triglycerides (TGs) normally increase after a meal but are altered in pathophysiological conditions, such as obesity. Although TG metabolism in the brain remains poorly understood, several brain structures express enzymes that process TG-enriched particles, including mesolimbic structures. For this reason,...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mp.2014.31
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15LO) enzyme is widely distributed within the central nervous system. Previous work showed that this protein is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and plays an active role in the development of brain amyloidosis in amyloid beta (Aβ)-precursor protein transgenic mice (Tg2576). In the pr...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mp.2014.170
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work has demonstrated associations between lower cognitive ability and childhood and adult non-psychotic psychopathology. As both cognitive ability (CA) and child psychopathology (CP) are influenced by genetic factors, one explanation for the association is that they are the pleiotropic manifestations of the ...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000971
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leptin is a hormone with pleiotropic functions affecting several tissues. Because leptin has a crucial role in the adaptation of an organism to semi-starvation, anorexia nervosa (AN) serves as a model disorder to elucidate the functional implications of hypoleptinaemia; vice versa, several symptoms in patients with th...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001909
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mammals, most adult neural stem cells (NSCs) are located in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) along the wall of the lateral ventricles and they are the source of olfactory bulb interneurons. Adult NSCs exhibit an apico-basal polarity; they harbor a short apical process and a long basal process, reminiscen...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41380-020-0823-4
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum antibodies against amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in humans with or without diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) indicate the possibility of immune responses against brain antigens. In an unbiased screening for antibodies directed against brain proteins, we found in AD patients high serum levels of antibodies against t...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mp.2012.70
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulating research demonstrates the potential of intranasal delivery of psychopharmacological agents to treat a range of psychiatric disorders and symptoms. It is believed that intranasal administration offers both direct and indirect pathways to deliver psychopharmacological agents to the central nervous system. T...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/mp.2015.166
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Significant evidence for linkage between bipolar affective disorder and markers on chromosome 4p16 has been reported in Scottish families. Linkage analyses using 16 DNA markers covering more than 50 cM from chromosome 4pter-4p12, including candidate genes encoding the dopamine D5 receptor and an adrenergic receptor (2...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000420
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with reduced concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that are normalized by antidepressant therapies. Moreover, depressive-like phenotypes of GABAA receptor mutant mice can be reversed by treatment with conventional antidepressants drugs, as well as by subanesthetic d...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mp.2016.188
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The molecular genetic research on panic disorder (PD) has grown tremendously in the past decade. Although the data from twin and family studies suggest an involvement of genetic factors in the familial transmission of PD with the heritability estimate near 40%, the genetic substrate underlying panicogenesis is not yet...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/mp.2009.145
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psychotic symptoms occur in ~40% of subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are associated with more rapid cognitive decline and increased functional deficits. They show heritability up to 61% and have been proposed as a marker for a disease subtype suitable for gene mapping efforts. We undertook a combined analysi...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,多中心研究
doi:10.1038/mp.2011.125
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising method for altering the function of neural systems, cognition, and behavior. Evidence is emerging that it can also influence psychiatric symptomatology, including major depression and schizophrenia. However, there are many open questions regarding how the m...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0499-9
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of innate immunity and microglia in the brain is currently a matter of great debate and controversy. While several studies have provided evidence that they contribute to neurodegeneration in various animal models of brain diseases and traumas, others have shown that their inhibition may in contrast be associa...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001809
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Circulating adiponectin (APN) levels decrease with age and obesity. On the other hand, a reduction in APN levels is associated with neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. We previously showed that aged adiponectin knockout (APN-/-) mice developed Alzheimer's like pathologies, cerebral insulin resistance, and cogniti...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41380-020-0701-0
更新日期:2020-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::The hippocampus is critical to healthy cognition, yet results in the current study show that action video game players have reduced grey matter within the hippocampus. A subsequent randomised longitudinal training experiment demonstrated that first-person shooting games reduce grey matter within the hippocampus in par...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mp.2017.155
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anxiety-related behaviors are closely linked to neural circuits relaying fear-specific information to the amygdala. Many of these circuits, like those underlying processing of innate fear, are remarkably well understood. Recent imaging studies have contributed to this knowledge by discriminating more detailed corticoa...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001908
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::People who experience childhood abuse are at increased risk of mental illness. Twin studies suggest that inherited genetic risk for mental illness may account for some of these associations. Yet, the hypothesis that individuals who have experienced childhood abuse may carry genetic loading for mental illness has never...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41380-020-00996-w
更新日期:2021-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperactivation of the amygdala following chronic stress is believed to be one of the primary mechanisms underlying the increased propensity for anxiety-like behaviors and pathological states; however, the mechanisms by which chronic stress modulates amygdalar function are not well characterized. The aim of the curren...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mp.2012.90
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A whole genome association study was performed in a phase 3 clinical trial conducted to evaluate a novel antipsychotic, iloperidone, administered to treat patients with schizophrenia. Genotypes of 407 patients were analyzed for 334,563 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPs associated with iloperidone efficacy w...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1038/mp.2008.56
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA methylation, which is modulated by both genetic factors and environmental exposures, may offer a unique opportunity to discover novel biomarkers of disease-related brain phenotypes, even when measured in other tissues than brain, such as blood. A few studies of small sample sizes have revealed associations between...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0605-z
更新日期:2019-12-06 00:00:00
abstract::The actions of CRF in the brain and in the periphery are mediated through multiple binding sites. There are three receptors, CRF1, CRF2 alpha and CRF2 beta, which encode 411, 415 and 431 amino acid proteins and transduce signals via the stimulation of intracellular cAMP production. The recent identification of high-af...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is highly regulated by a number of environmental and cell-intrinsic factors to adapt to environmental changes. Accumulating evidence suggests that adult-born neurons may play distinct physiological roles in hippocampus-dependent functions, such as memory encod...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0036-2
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Latency-reversing agents (LRAs), including histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), are being investigated as a strategy to eliminate latency in HIV-infected patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. The effectiveness of LRAs in activating latent infection in HIV strains derived from the central nervous system (C...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mp.2015.111
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endogenous opioid system, which alleviates physical pain, is also known to regulate social distress and reward in animal models. To test this hypothesis in humans (n=18), we used an μ-opioid receptor (MOR) radiotracer to measure changes in MOR availability in vivo with positron emission tomography during social re...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mp.2013.96
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research on avoidance conditioning began in the late 1930s as a way to use laboratory experiments to better understand uncontrollable fear and anxiety. Avoidance was initially conceived of as a two-factor learning process in which fear is first acquired through Pavlovian aversive conditioning (so-called fear condition...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/mp.2016.166
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several reports have suggested the presence of anticipation in bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). In addition, independent studies using the RED (repeat expansion detection) have shown association between BPAD and longer CAG/CTG repeats. Therefore loci with large CAG/CTG repeats are plausible candidates in the inherit...
journal_title:Molecular psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000898
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00