Abstract:
UNLABELLED:While numerous viral microRNAs (miRNAs) expressed by DNA viruses, especially herpesvirus family members, have been reported, there have been very few reports of miRNAs derived from RNA viruses. Here we describe three miRNAs expressed by bovine foamy virus (BFV), a member of the spumavirus subfamily of retroviruses, in both BFV-infected cultured cells and BFV-infected cattle. All three viral miRNAs are initially expressed in the form of an ∼ 122-nucleotide (nt) pri-miRNA, encoded within the BFV long terminal repeat U3 region, that is subsequently cleaved to generate two pre-miRNAs that are then processed to yield three distinct, biologically active miRNAs. The BFV pri-miRNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase III, and the three resultant mature miRNAs were found to contribute a remarkable ∼ 70% of all miRNAs expressed in BFV-infected cells. These data document the second example of a retrovirus that is able to express viral miRNAs by using embedded proviral RNA polymerase III promoters. IMPORTANCE:Foamy viruses are a ubiquitous family of nonpathogenic retroviruses that have potential as gene therapy vectors in humans. Here we demonstrate that bovine foamy virus (BFV) expresses high levels of three viral microRNAs (miRNAs) in BFV-infected cells in culture and also in infected cattle. The BFV miRNAs are unusual in that they are initially transcribed by RNA polymerase III as a single, ∼ 122-nt pri-miRNA that is subsequently processed to release three fully functional miRNAs. The observation that BFV, a foamy virus, is able to express viral miRNAs in infected cells adds to emerging evidence that miRNA expression is a common, albeit clearly not universal, property of retroviruses and suggests that these miRNAs may exert a significant effect on viral replication in vivo.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Whisnant AW,Kehl T,Bao Q,Materniak M,Kuzmak J,Löchelt M,Cullen BRdoi
10.1128/JVI.03587-13subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-05-01 00:00:00pages
4679-86issue
9eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514pii
JVI.03587-13journal_volume
88pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Carboxypeptidase D (gp180), one of many candidate receptors proposed for hepatitis B viruses (HBVs), was examined and found to be the actual cellular receptor for avian HBVs. This conclusion was based on the following observations: (i) gp180 was the only host protein that bound with high affinity to the pre-S ectodoma...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.72.10.8098-8104.1998
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::One-step growth determinations were performed with five strains of rotavirus in HepG2, a cell line derived from human liver. Three virus strains (SA11-C13, SA11-C14, and RRV) replicated in HepG2 cells and attained yields 10- to 100-fold above input titers. Two virus strains (B223 and SA11-4F) failed to replicate above...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.64.3.1044-1049.1990
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously showed that murine polyomavirus mutants that lack both middle T (MT) and small T (ST) functions have a severe pleiotropic defect in early and late viral gene expression as well as genome amplification. The respective contribution of MT and ST to this phenotype was unclear. This work separates the roles o...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00679-06
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the closely related simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) induce profound immune dysfunction in primate species. The present studies show that cell populations infected in vitro with SIV exhibit increases in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen expression. Ce...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.61.5.1421-1426.1987
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The retroviral Gag protein is capable of directing the production and release of virus-like particles in the absence of all other viral components. Budding normally occurs after Gag is transported to the plasma membrane by its membrane-targeting and -binding (M) domain. In the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) Gag protein, the...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.74.18.8692-8699.2000
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecularly defined vaccine formulations capable of inducing antiviral CD8+ T-cell-specific immunity in a manner compatible with human delivery are limited. Few molecules achieve this target without the support of an appropriate immunological adjuvant. In this study, we investigate the potential of totally synthetic p...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.79.24.15289-15301.2005
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have analyzed the structure of rubella virus proteins labeled metabolically with [35S]methionine, [3H]mannose, and [3H]glucosamine or externally with [3H]borohydride after galactose oxidase treatment. Four structural proteins, with MrS of about 58,000 (E1), 47,000 (E2a), 42,000 (E2b), and 33,000 (C), were resolved ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.46.3.964-973.1983
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Integration of viral DNA into the host chromosome is an essential step in the life cycle of retroviruses and is facilitated by the viral integrase enzyme. The first generation of integrase inhibitors recently approved or currently in late-stage clinical trials shows great promise for the treatment of human immunodefic...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00470-08
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemagglutinin (HA) of H3N2/1968 pandemic influenza viruses differs from the putative avian precursor by seven amino acid substitutions. Substitutions Q226L and G228S are known to be essential for adaptation of avian HA to mammals. We found that introduction of avian-virus-like amino acids at five other HA positions (p...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01292-15
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mouse-adapted dengue type 4 virus (DEN4) strain H241 is highly neurovirulent for mice, whereas its non-mouse-adapted parent is rarely neurovirulent. The genetic basis for the neurovirulence of the mouse-adapted mutant was studied by comparing intratypic chimeric viruses that contained the three structural protein gene...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.67.11.6567-6575.1993
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript (LAT) inhibits apoptosis. We demonstrate here that LAT influences the accumulation of the Bcl-x(L) transcript versus the Bcl-x(S) transcript in Neuro-2A cells. Bcl-x(L) encodes an antiapoptotic protein, whereas Bcl-x(S) encodes a proapoptotic protein. Promo...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.77.19.10714-10718.2003
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV), a positive-strand RNA virus that belongs to the Arteriviridae family of Nidovirales, has been identified as the causative agent of PRRS. Nsp1alpha is the amino (N)-terminal protein in a polyprotein encoded by the PRRSV genome and is reported to be cru...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02579-08
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Virus entry into cells is a multistep process that often requires the subversion of subcellular machineries. A more complete understanding of these steps is necessary to develop new antiviral strategies. While studying the potential role of the actin network and one of its master regulators, the small GTPase...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00103-16
更新日期:2016-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::The replication proteins Rep and Rep' of porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) are both capable of introducing and resealing strand discontinuities at the viral origin of DNA replication in vitro underlying genome amplification by rolling-circle replication. The PCV1 origin of replication encompasses the minimal binding si...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02420-06
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute measles in children can be prevented by immunization with the live attenuated measles vaccine virus. Although immunization is able to induce CD4 and CD8 T cells as well as neutralizing antibodies, only the latter have been correlated with protective immunity. CD8 T cells, however, have been documented to be impo...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00160-07
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The amphotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV) can infect cells from a number of mammals, including humans, via its specific receptor. Basic knowledge of amphotropic MuLV receptor expression is likely to be useful in the development and improvement of gene therapy protocols based on amphotropic-pseudotyped vectors. To i...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.71.6.4564-4570.1997
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A putative transcription factor, C/EBP, isolated from rat liver nuclei, has been shown to bind to at least two different sequence motifs: the CCAAT promoter domain and a core sequence [GTGG(T/A)(T/A)(T/A)G] common to many viral enhancers, including simian virus 40 and human hepatitis B virus. It has been proposed that...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.64.4.1517-1522.1990
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:There are nine subtypes of influenza A virus neuraminidase (NA), N1 to N9. In addition, influenza B virus also contains NA, and there are two influenza virus NA-like molecules, N10 and N11, which were recently identified from bats. Crystal structures for all of these proteins have been solved, with the excep...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00805-14
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report sequence hypervariability in the viral protein 1 (VP1) interaction domain of VP2 in the norovirus (NoV) genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) lineage on 3 levels: (i) the global evolution of pandemic/epidemic strains from the mid-1970s through post-2006, (ii) the local emergence of an epidemic strain, and (iii) an...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00228-11
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously reported that the expression of rotavirus phenotypes by reassortants was affected by recipient genetic background and proposed specific interactions between the outer capsid proteins VP4 and VP7 as the basis for the phenotypic effects (D. Chen, J. W. Burns, M. K. Estes, and R. F. Ramig, Proc. Natl. Acad....
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.1.432-439.1992
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seizes control of cellular cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) to promote viral replication. HIV-1 Vpr and HIV-2/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Vpr and Vpx engage the cullin4 (CUL4)-containing ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL4) to cause polyubiquitination and proteaso...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00241-14
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses are critical in the early control and resolution of HIV infection and correlate with postchallenge outcomes in rhesus macaque challenge experiments, we sought to identify a plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccine design capable of eliciting robu...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00055-07
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lassa fever (LF) is a potentially lethal human disease that is caused by the arenavirus Lassa virus (LASV). Annually, around 300,000 infections with up to 10,000 deaths occur in regions of Lassa fever endemicity in West Africa. Here we demonstrate that mice lacking a functional STAT1 pathway are highly susceptible to ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01433-13
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate the possibility of producing transducible replication-defective hepadnaviruses, cloned mutant duck hepatitis B virus genomes were tested both for virus antigen production and viral DNA synthesis following transfection into the human hepatoma cell line HuH7. Deletion of a cis-acting 12-nucleotide sequence i...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.64.2.642-650.1990
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Oncogenesis is frequently accompanied by the activation of specific metabolic pathways. One such pathway is fatty acid biosynthesis, whose induction is observed upon transformation of a wide variety of cell types. Here, we explored how defined oncogenic alleles, specifically the simian virus 40 (SV40) T anti...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.03671-14
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::For human parainfluenza virus type 3 and many other paramyxoviruses, membrane fusion mediated by the fusion protein (F) has a stringent requirement for the presence of the homotypic hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein (HN). With the goal of gaining further insight into the role of HN in the fusion process, we develope...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.77.6.3647-3654.2003
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment of cells with lectins specific for N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) blocked infection by mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV), and GlcNAc pretreatment of the lectin blocked this effect. MCMV failed to infect N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase)-treated mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF). GlcNAc and GlcNAc-containing syntheti...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.64.11.5430-5440.1990
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Development of a vaccine for the common cold has been thwarted by the fact that there are more than 100 serotypes of human rhinovirus (HRV). We previously demonstrated that the HRV14 capsid is dynamic and transiently displays the buried N termini of viral protein 1 (VP1) and VP4. Here, further evidence for this "breat...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00557-09
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here, we investigated the pre-steady-state deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) incorporation kinetics of primate foamy virus (PFV) reverse transcriptase (RT) in comparison with those of HIV-1 and MuLV RTs. PFV RT displayed a drastic reduction in primer extension at low dNTP concentrations where HIV-1 RT remains highly...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00088-08
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The initiation of RNA transcription by the virion-bound RNA transcriptase of vesicular stomatitis virus has been examined. Multiple initiation sequences have been observed, two of which have been characterized (pppApCpGp... and pppGpCp...) suggestive of a transcription process which can start at different sites along ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.11.4.487-501.1973
更新日期:1973-04-01 00:00:00