Abstract：
RATIONALE:Quitting smoking is often very challenging, leading to frequent relapse. Exposure to acute and chronic stress during abstinence increases the likelihood of relapse to smoking. In rodents, stress acutely reinstates nicotine seeking after extinction of nicotine self-administration (SA). However, whether reacquisition of nicotine taking is amplified by chronic stress during abstinence from nicotine SA has not been determined in animals. OBJECTIVES:We sought to determine effects of repeated restraint stress during abstinence on reacquisition of nicotine SA. METHODS:Rats acquired nicotine SA (23 h/day) under a fixed-ratio (FR) 5 schedule of reinforcement, which was followed by an abstinence phase. Restraint (0, 2, and 4 times) was administered during abstinence. Animals reacquired nicotine SA, first under a progressive ratio (PR) schedule, beginning immediately after the final stress, followed by an FR5 schedule. In another experiment, reacquisition (FR5) began 24 h after the final stress. No PR testing was conducted. RESULTS:Four restraint stress exposures during abstinence, but not only two, enhanced reacquisition of nicotine SA by increasing nicotine injections under a PR schedule beginning immediately after the final stress (p < 0.05) followed by increasing nicotine intake under an FR5 schedule (p < 0.05). This was observed even when the final stress and reacquisition trial were separated by 24 h. Moreover, repeated stress-induced nicotine taking during the behaviorally inactive phase (i.e., lights on) of the 24-h diurnal cycle. CONCLUSIONS:Chronic (i.e., repeated) stress during abstinence promotes reacquisition of nicotine SA and affects diurnal pattern of nicotine intake.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Yu G,Chen H,Sharp BMdoi
10.1007/s00213-014-3501-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-08-01 00:00:00pages
3189-95issue
16eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
231pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:It was shown previously that behavioural effects of apomorphine (locomotor activation and stereotyped behaviour) can be conditioned when they are associated with well-defined environmental stimuli. In the present study, the hypothesis was tested that glutamatergic mechanisms play an important role either in formation ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02244064
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050697
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
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更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
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更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：1976-09-17 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02246221
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Single doses of amantadine hydrochloride and placebo were administered in a double-blind cross-over design on separate days to ten actively craving cocaine abusers in treatment. Pharmacological treatment did influence cocaine craving, but amantadine was less effective than placebo. ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00439458
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
