Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to examine the impact of smoking on productivity in Australia, in terms of years of life lost, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost and the novel measure of productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs) lost. METHODS:Life table modelling using contemporary Australian data simulated follow-up of current smokers aged 20-69 years until age 70 years. Excess mortality, health-related quality of life decrements and relative reduction in productivity attributable to smoking were sourced from published data. The gross domestic product (GDP) per equivalent full-time (EFT) worker in Australia in 2016 was used to estimate the cost of productivity loss attributable to smoking at a population level. RESULTS:At present, approximately 2.5 million Australians (17.4%) aged between 20 and 69 years are smokers. Assuming follow-up of this population until the age of 70 years, more than 3.1 million years of life would be lost to smoking, as well as 6.0 million QALYs and 2.5 million PALYs. This equates to 4.2% of years of life, 9.4% QALYs and 6.0% PALYs lost among Australian working-age smokers. At an individual level, this is equivalent to 1.2 years of life, 2.4 QALYs and 1.0 PALY lost per smoker. Assuming (conservatively) that each PALY in Australia is equivalent to $A157 000 (GDP per EFT worker in 2016), the economic impact of lost productivity would amount to $A388 billion. CONCLUSIONS:This study highlights the potential health and productivity gains that may be achieved from further tobacco control measures in Australia via application of PALYs, which are a novel, and readily estimable, measure of the impact of health and health risk factors on work productivity.
journal_name
Tob Controljournal_title
Tobacco controlauthors
Owen AJ,Maulida SB,Zomer E,Liew Ddoi
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054263subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-05-01 00:00:00pages
297-304issue
3eissn
0964-4563issn
1468-3318pii
tobaccocontrol-2018-054263journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
TOBACCO CONTROL文献大全abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of smoking on the wealth of US young baby boomers. METHODOLOGY:The research analyses self reported responses of both smoking habits and wealth holdings from a nationally representative sample of US individuals born between 1957 to 1964 (n = 8908). Data are from four waves (1984, 199...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.2004.008243
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the replacement of Western Australian tobacco sponsorship with health promotion sponsorship by the Western Australian Health Promotion Foundation (known as "Healthway"), following the Tobacco Control Act 1990. DESIGN:Process measures of performance were collected from 25 tobacco replacement proje...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.6.2.115
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Tobacco companies vary pack colours, designs, descriptors, flavours and brand names on cigarette packs to target a multitude of consumers. These different brand variants can falsely imply that some brand variants are less harmful than others. Uruguay is the only country that requires cigarette companies to...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053402
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To review evidence on the impact of health warning messages on tobacco packages. DATA SOURCES:Articles were identified through electronic databases of published articles, as well as relevant 'grey' literature using the following keywords: health warning, health message, health communication, label and labell...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/tc.2010.037630
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:China is the world's largest consumer of tobacco, with hundreds of millions of people exposed daily to secondhand smoke (SHS). Comprehensive smoke-free policies are the only effective way to protect the population from the harms of SHS. China does not have a comprehensive national smoke-free law but some loc...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052508
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study assessed renters' preferences for official smoking policies in their buildings and their practices concerning restricting tobacco smoking in their apartments. DESIGN:Renters (n = 301) living in large apartment complexes in a suburb of Minneapolis, Minnesota, completed a mail survey. MAIN OUTCOME ...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.12.2.189
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This paper examines the tobacco industry's efforts to influence litigation by sponsoring judicial seminars. METHODS:Thousands of internal tobacco documents were examined, including memos, reports, presentations, and newsletters. Connections to outside organisations were corroborated by examining tobacco ind...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/tc.2005.013128
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess retailer compliance with a licensing scheme requiring tobacco retailers to list their business details with the government, to examine whether listed retailers are more likely to comply with a point-of-sale (POS) display ban and other in-store retailing laws and to explore variations in compliance ...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052767
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the incidence of off-label use of, abuse of, and dependence on prescription nicotine inhaler. DESIGN:Prospective telephone and internet interviews for six months. PARTICIPANTS:535 new inhaler users. MAIN OUTCOME:Structured interview about off-label use (that is, use of inhaler for non-cessatio...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.2004.008367
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tobacco use among members of the US military service is unacceptably high, resulting in substantial healthcare and personnel costs. Support of military command is critical to the success of tobacco control policies because line commanders are responsible for implementation and enforcement. This study is the ...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052829
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The landscape of smoking cessation may have changed in Europe recently. OBJECTIVES:To identify changes in use of smoking cessation assistance in the European Union (EU) and factors associated with use of cessation assistance. METHODS:Data from the 2012 (n=9921) and 2017 (n=9489) waves of the Eurobarometer ...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054117
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the long-term impact of plain packaging (PP) of cigarettes with larger graphic health warnings (HW) introduced in December 2012 on adolescents' relevant tobacco-related perceptions. METHODS:Cross-sectional school-based surveys of 12 to 17 year olds in 2011 (n=4413), 2013 (n=4423), 2014 (n=4576) and...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-054988
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Brazil experienced a large decline in smoking prevalence between 2008 and 2013. Tax rate increases since 2007 and a new tobacco tax structure in 2012 may have played an important role in this decline. However, continuous tax rate increases pushed up cigarette prices over personal income growth and, therefore...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052465
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To identify patterns in trial testimony that may reflect on the intentions or expectations of tobacco manufacturers with regard to the introduction of potential reduced exposure products (PREPs). DESIGN:Research was conducted using the Deposition and Trial Testimony Archive (DATTA) collection of trial testim...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/tc.2004.009787
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Current legislative language requires the California Department of Public Health, California Tobacco Control Program, to evaluate the effectiveness of the school-based Tobacco Use Prevention Education (TUPE) programme in California every 2 years. The objective of the study was to measure change and to identi...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.2009.030700
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Low-tar cigarette smoking is gaining popularity in China. The China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC) promotes low-tar cigarettes as safer than regular cigarettes. METHODS:A total of 543 male smokers smoking cigarettes with different tar yields (15 mg, regular cigarettes, 10-13 mg low-tar cigarettes and <...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.2009.033092
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To estimate the gender-specific risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease according to smoking status and time since smoking cessation among former smokers in Japan. DESIGN:Prospective study. SETTING:140,026 males and 156,810 females aged 40-79 years who participated in one of three cohort studies cond...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.2009.029751
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco often elicits negative connotations of a lower class product, uptake and use by young adult smokers has grown because RYO is more cost-effective than tailor-made (TM) cigarettes. We explored the practices and beliefs young adults develop to distance themselves from unattr...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053168
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe tobacco industry efforts in Malaysia to thwart government efforts to regulate tobacco promotion and health warnings. METHODS:Systematic keyword and opportunistic website searches of formerly private tobacco industry internal documents made available through the Master Settlement Agreement and sec...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/tc.2004.008094
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:As part of the Smoke-Free Illinois Act, smoking on the gambling floors of all commercial casinos in Illinois became prohibited. This study examined the effects of the Smoke-Free Illinois Act on casino admissions per-capita and real per-capita adjusted gross receipts using 18 years of data (10 years before and...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053966
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is well established that secondhand smoke (SHS) is harmful, and concern about the potential dangers associated with secondhand vapour (SHV) (ie, vapour from electronic vapour products, EVP) is growing. The present study examines the prevalence and characteristics associated with SHS and SHV exposure. MET...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054265
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite the internet's broad reach and potential to influence consumer behaviour, there has been little examination of the volume, characteristics, and target audience of online tobacco and e-cigarette advertisements. METHODS:A full-service advertising firm was used to collect all online banner/video advert...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051246
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In Tanzania, strong tobacco control measures that would lead to a reduction in prevalence (consumption) have so far not been implemented due to concern about possible economic effects on gross domestic product and employment. The aim of this study is to analyse the economic effects of reducing tobacco consum...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054635
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:With the male smoking prevalence near 60% in 1991, Thailand was one of the first Asian nations to implement strict tobacco control policies. However, the success of their efforts has not been well documented. METHODS:The role of tobacco control policies are examined using the "SimSmoke" tobacco control mode...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.2007.022319
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:As a remedy to committing fraud and violating civil racketeering laws, in November 2017, four major tobacco companies were court-ordered to develop and disseminate corrective statements regarding smoking health risks using mass media channels. We aimed to describe the nature, timing, reach of and exposure to ...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054762
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To analyse a policy dilemma in China on public health versus the tobacco economy through additional cigarette tax. METHODS:Using published statistics from 1980 through 1997 to estimate the impact of tobacco production and consumption on government revenue and the entire economy. These estimates relied on th...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.11.2.105
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Survivors and victims of tobacco-related diseases can and should play significant roles in tobacco control advocacy efforts. This article describes one example of how to successfully incorporate their talents into a statewide programme. ...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.2006.019612
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 'common knowledge' defence is a legal strategy which has been successfully used by defendant tobacco companies to avoid legal responsibility for the harms caused by smoking. Tobacco companies have hired professional historians to try to persuade courts about a longstanding high level of public awareness regarding ...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052618
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a growing number of countries tobacco companies are severely restricted in how they can legally market their products. In these 'dark' markets the role of packaging as a promotional and communications tool becomes more pronounced. How packaging is used for the most expensive cigarette brands in dark markets has rec...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050681
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Increasing the price of cigarettes reduces consumption, with a global price elasticity of approximately -0.4. In the UK where the cost of cigarettes is already relatively high, there is an issue surrounding public acceptance of further price rises ahead of the inflation rate. Previous research suggests that p...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.2009.033274
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00