Abstract:
CONTEXT:Withania somnifera (L) Dunal (Solanaceae) is an important traditional herbal medicine used for thousands of years and is considered as the Indian ginseng. Reports on the effect of Withania somnifera root (WSR) extract on the developing foetus of pregnant rats including mortality, structural abnormalities, changes in growth and effects on dams are not available. OBJECTIVE:The present study was performed to evaluate the prenatal developmental toxicity potential of WSR extract in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS:WSR extract was given orally to pregnant rats during the period of major organogenesis and histogenesis (days 5 to 19 of gestation) at the dose levels of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day. Clinical observations including mortality, moribundity, behavioural changes, signs of overt toxicity, body weight, gross pathological changes of dams and foetal analyses including external malformations, skeletal and soft tissue malformations were evaluated. RESULTS:No evidence of maternal or foetal toxicity was observed. WSR extract caused no changes (p < 0.05) in body weight of parental females, number of corpora lutea, implantations, viable foetuses, external, skeletal and visceral malformations. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION:Under the conditions of the study, the no-observed-effect level (NOEL) of WSR extract for maternal and developmental toxicity was concluded to be at least 2000 mg/kg/day.
journal_name
Drug Chem Toxicoljournal_title
Drug and chemical toxicologyauthors
Prabu PC,Panchapakesan Sdoi
10.3109/01480545.2014.900073subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-01-01 00:00:00pages
50-6issue
1eissn
0148-0545issn
1525-6014journal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Cardiotoxicity is commonly associated with cocaine abuse. Previous studies have indicated that cocaine alters myocardial mitochondrial function. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of cocaine on activity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and in iso...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1081/dct-100100119
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The median lethal dose (LD50) of chymopapain B in mice was 82 mg/kg (22,000 units/kg) with 95% confidence limits of 75-90 mg/kg (20, 122-24, 146 units/kg) and in rats 92 (24,683 units/kg) with 95% confidence limits of 83-102 mg/kg (22,268-27, 366 units/kg). The mechanism of toxicity was hemorrhage due to destruction o...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480548409035110
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP) mandate protection of public health, welfare, and the environment at Superfund hazardous waste sites. The NCP requires lead response agenciesto integrate bas...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480549709003889
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immunomodulatory effects of two plant regulators, cycloheximide and maleic hydrazide, were investigated by injecting the compounds twice weekly for 4 weeks in female Swiss Webster white mice. The animals were antigenically challenged with sheep red blood cells on day 24 of the study. Although humoral immunity was ...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480548309082715
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three alkyl diamines, which are by-products formed and separated during the production of hexamethylene diamine, have been tested, mostly for their acute toxicity. This paper reviews methodologies used and the results obtained from these three chemicals. All three tested [2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine (2-MP), 1,3-diamin...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480540601186994
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transient global ischemia continues to be an important clinical problem with limited treatment options. The present study aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of celecoxib [a selective cyclooxygenase (COX-2) inhibitor] and N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) [a nonselective nitric oxide synt...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480545.2012.749270
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The object of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of norbornene fluoroalcohol (NBFOH), which is used as an intermediate in the production of fluorinated monomers and polymers. NBFOH was evaluated for acute oral, dermal, and inhalation toxicity, dermal sensitization using the Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA), mutagene...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480540500262680
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor like growth factor (HB-EGF) is an emerging therapeutic for the regeneration of the tympanic membrane (TM). OBJECTIVE:Our aim was to determine whether the doses of HB-EGF delivered in a sustained release hydrogel into a middle ear mouse model, would be measurable in the s...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480545.2016.1143482
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Short-term lymphocyte cultures from human peripheral blood samples were incubated with various aliquots of the carbofuran pesticide. After 48 h of initiation and 24 h of exposure to the carbofuran pesticide aliquots, it was seen that carbofuran caused an increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations, and the in...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1081/dct-200064508
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An automatic system was developed to monitor continuously the colonic temperature of laboratory animals during inhalation exposure to toxic chemicals. It includes: an automatic switchbox, a control circuit, a recorder and a digital voltmeter. The system was calibrated for different temperature ranges and used for a ye...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480547809105018
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated the tissue distribution of total radioactivity in male albino, male pigmented, and time-mated female albino rats after oral administration of a single dose of [¹⁴C]-bilastine (20 mg/kg). Although only 1 animal was analyzed at each time point, there were apparent differences in bilastine distributi...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480545.2012.682650
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we investigated the effect of vernolide-A on the induction of apoptosis as well as its regulatory effect on the activation of transcription factors in B16F-10 melanoma cells. Treatment of B16F-10 cells with nontoxic concentrations of vernolide-A showed the presence of apoptotic bodies and induced DNA fr...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480545.2010.520017
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various chemical groups were evaluated for their skin sensitization potential in the guinea pig. In general, amines, acetanilides, pyridines, piperidines, and sulfones were positive in the guinea pig test. Since these tests were done over a period of years, any further structural-related correlations or predictions sh...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480548109017825
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review summarizes the effects of more than 20 metals that, research has indicated, may influence male reproductive health. Though males lack an apparent, easily measurable reproductive cycle, progress has been made in evaluating tests to identify chemical hazards and estimate reproductive health risks. Some agent...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/01480545.2012.710631
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mercuric chloride was administered by three routes--subcutaneous, intramuscular and intraperitoneal to adult female Wistar rats. The peroxidative status of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and the sciatic nerves were studied. Enhanced levels of lipid peroxides indicate progressing cellular injury. All the experimental ...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480549809017850
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accelerating rotarod was used to assess motor performance decrement in rats after administration of candidate anticonvulsant compounds (acetazolamide, amitriptyline, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, diazepam-lysine, lorazepam, loprazolam, midazolam, phenobarbital and scopolamine) against nerve agent poisoning. All comp...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480549209014150
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Copper (Cu) is a heavy metal with the ability to induce, at high levels, neurobehavioral alterations, and oxidative stress (OS). On the other hand, melatonin (Mel) is a neurohormone that protects neurons from OS and has a modulatory effect on several behavioral processes. The present experiment was aimed to examine th...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2020.1858853
更新日期:2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis (P. y. nigeriensis) produces lethal malaria infection in Swiss albino mice. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide along with endogenously produced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of malaria. OBJECTIVE:Stud...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1081/dct-100101976
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Suppression of mitogen-induced splenocyte lymphoproliferation and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production can be used as indicators of immunotoxicity. Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is both a potent mitogen and the most potent in vitro inducer of IL-2 production that has been described. An in vitro system was used to meas...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480549409064043
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight antineoplastic drugs were evaluated for their ability to induce mutation in the Ames Salmonella/microsome and the TK+/- mouse lymphoma assay. Dose response data were utilized to determine the relative potency of each of these drugs. They were then ranked based on this information. Vincristine, the most potent co...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480547809105021
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental and clinical data relevant for the evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of the immunosuppressant ciclosporin are reviewed. Ciclosporin binds reversibly to the cytosolic receptor protein ciclophilin. Ciclophilin is likely involved in the blockade of lymphocyte activation-induced gene transcription of v...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/01480549209032293
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As part of an occupational hazard evaluation, p-bromobenzyl bromide (p-BBB) was evaluated for genotoxic activity in the Ames microbial mutagenicity assay, the alkaline elution assay for DNA strand breaks in rat hepatocytes and the in vitro chromosome aberration assay in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The compound produc...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480549908993169
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Currently, no standardized and well-validated alternative models exist for screening for progesterone-responsive endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Because of this, a rapid assay for evaluating progestin/antiprogestin activity using Xenopus oocyte germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) as a model was evaluated. Five co...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1081/dct-120005892
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diterpene alkaloids (DAs) have a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, but exhibiting extremely serious cardiotoxicity to induce arrhythmia, heart arrest, even death. This study aimed to evaluate the cardiotoxicity of three diester diterpene alkaloids (DDAs) including aconitine (AC), mesaconitine (MAC), hypaco...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2019.1586916
更新日期:2019-03-21 00:00:00
abstract::The potential maternal and developmental toxicity of cyclododecatriene (CDDT) was assessed in rats. Groups of 22 time-mated female Crl:CD (SD) BR rats were exposed by inhalation (whole-body, 6 h/day) to either 0 (control), 10, 25, or 67 ppm CDDT over days 6-20 of gestation (days 6-20 G); the day of copulation plug det...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1081/dct-120022649
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated antigenotoxic and antioxidative effects of newly derivatized compound naringenin-oxime (NG-Ox) compared to its mother compound naringenin (NG) against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (HP) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Antigenotoxic activity was assessed using alkalin...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480545.2015.1026973
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A comparison of the fertility and cytogenetic analyses and the combination of both techniques as generally used in the heritable translocation assay was conducted with triethylenemelamine (TEM). CD-1 mice were used as the F0 generation and were divided into two groups that received i.p. either distilled water (control...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480548309017808
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study enumerates the attenuating effects of curcumin and α-tocopherol against propoxur induced oxidative DNA damage in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Cultured cells were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers, and were exposed to varying concentrations of propoxur (0-21 μg/m...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2017.1321010
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of chlormethiazole (CMZ) at single and multiple doses on the toxicokinetics of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was investigated in normal rats and those with DEN-induced liver fibrosis. Twelve rats were treated with DEN (50 mg/kg) alone and in combination with a single dose of CMZ (10, 50, or 100 mg/kg) by intrape...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2018.1455204
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aluminum (Al)-induced toxicity in fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) is one of the established models for studying neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative diseases. Alkaloid phytochemicals have been reported to exhibit neuroprotective effects. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the effect of alkaloid extrac...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2019.1708377
更新日期:2020-01-03 00:00:00