ACTH as a treatment for acute crystal-induced arthritis: update on clinical evidence and mechanisms of action.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:ACTH, a member of the melanocortin group of proteins, has long been used in the treatment of gout and is considered as an alternative therapeutic option, especially in difficult-to-treat patients. METHODS:We performed a systematic electronic search (Medline and ScienceDirect) using the keywords gout, treatment, ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and pseudogout. We identified 5 studies assessing the efficacy of ACTH in acute crystal-induced arthritis. RESULTS:In the studies for acute gout, a total of 266 patients have been treated with ACTH; treatment was highly efficacious with a response rate of 77.9-100%. Only few side effects, such as hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, and edema, were reported, all of which were mild. The available evidence for acute CPP crystal arthritis is limited. A total of 19 patients have been assessed in retrospective studies; the response rate was 90-100%, whereas no significant side effects were recorded. The mechanism of action of ACTH in acute crystal-induced arthritis is not entirely known but seems to extend beyond stimulation of steroid release from the adrenal glands; ACTH is able to stimulate melanocortin receptors on macrophages and downregulate gouty inflammation. CONCLUSIONS:Data suggests that ACTH is effective in acute crystal-induced arthritis and may be a first-line therapy in patients with multiple medical problems. We propose that further evaluation of ACTH should be performed, with a large-scale, randomized controlled study focusing on safety issues in patients with multiple comorbidities.

journal_name

Semin Arthritis Rheum

authors

Daoussis D,Antonopoulos I,Andonopoulos AP

doi

10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.09.006

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-04-01 00:00:00

pages

648-53

issue

5

eissn

0049-0172

issn

1532-866X

pii

S0049-0172(13)00202-3

journal_volume

43

pub_type

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