Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:Our objective of the study was to determine the association between frequent use of Penicillins and Cephalosporins with developmental defects of enamel in pediatric age group. METHODS:This is a cross sectional study, conducted at Ziauddin University. A total of 367 children, having the history of either Penicillin or Cephalosporin exposure were included. The parents of children were asked to complete a questionnaire related to disease and drug history. Dental examination was carried out to assess the hypomineralization in tooth enamel based on modified Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) index. RESULTS:Out of 367 children, 124 (34%) were males and females were 243(66%). In the study group 22.6% (n= 83) of children were found to be hypomineralized. The maximum type of teeth defects were diffused opacities that was 12.0% (n=44). The statistically significant association (p-value < 0.05) was found between frequency of antibiotic use and hypomineralization for most teeth. Children who were exposed to either Penicillins or Cephalosporin in early childhood showed significant (p-value < 0.002) hypomineralized enamel. CONCLUSION:This study concludes that frequent use of antibiotics such as penicillins and cephalosporins has positive association with enamel hypomineralization in developing tooth structure.
journal_name
Pak J Med Scijournal_title
Pakistan journal of medical sciencesauthors
Tariq A,Alam Ansari M,Owais Ismail M,Memon Zsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-03-01 00:00:00pages
393-7issue
2eissn
1682-024Xissn
1681-715Xjournal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章abstract：Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety profile of combined phacoemulsification with 23G pars plana vitrectomy when compared to pars plana vitrectomy alone in phakic patients. Methods:This study was performed at Al-Ehsan Eye Hospital (tertiary care eye hospital in Lahore, Pakistan) from January 2016 to Augu...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.335.13430
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To analyse the factors associated with Caesarean Section (CS) of Nulliparous, Term and Singleton pregnancies with Vertex presentation (NTSV) at a tertiary care hospital. METHODS:In this unmatched retrospective case-control study, 212 NTSV patients were identified through computerized medical record systems; ...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.322.9138
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:In this study, thermocautery, plastic clamping, and conventional (open surgical) circumcision techniques were compared in terms of their complications. Methods:Male patients who underwent circumcisions between May 2014 and May 2015 in two separate pediatric surgery clinics were retrospectively analyzed using...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.336.13640
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the association between Protein energy malnutrition and polio-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies production among children in Gadap Town Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS:Comparative cross sectional survey conducted at fixed EPI center and Pediatric OPD of a tertiary care hospital Karachi. Children were ...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.312.5366
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Each year millions of Muslims perform pilgrimage to Makkah, Saudi Arabia. It is particularly stressful during the peak five days, when all rituals have to be performed at specific periods of time at different sites. Poor diabetes control in people with diabetes predisposes to morbidity and incr...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.325.11217
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study aims to examine Gender Difference in the level of Discrimination and Stigma experienced by people diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder in Pakistan. It was hypothesized that Women diagnosed with Depression are likely to be experiencing more Discrimination and Internalized Stigma in comparison to...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.316.8454
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background and Objective:Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has been cited as the most common cause of anemia globally. Gastrointestinal (GI) lesions are amongst the common cause of IDA. Endoscopic evaluation is the most effective way to investigate the IDA. The aim of this study was to show the association of alarming GI sy...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.344.14391
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To study the biomechanical properties of different suture methods, and to provide evidence for the clinical application of this suture methods in repairing acute Achilles tendon rupture. Methods:Twenty four fresh frozen cadaver Achilles tendon specimens were collected and randomly divided into three groups (...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.343.14842
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background & Objective:Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a peptide whose release into circulation is specific to tubular injury. This study aimed to estimate levels of kidney injury molecule-1 in diabetic patients with and without kidney disease. And evaluate the role of KIM-1 as an early screening marker of progress...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.35.4.154
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effect of low dose Albumin i.e. 4 grams per litre of ascitic fluid after large volume paracentesis (LVP) for the prevention of paracentesis induced circulatory dysfunction (PICD) related renal impairment in cirrhosis. METHODS:Case records of all patients with cirrhosis who underwent LVP from...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.313.7281
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Immunosuppressive drugs, antimicrobial agents and infectious complications may cause liver function test abnormalities (LFTA) in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). The objectives of this study were to identify the outcome of (LFTA). To identify the risk factors affecting development and severity of hepatotox...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.326.10725
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objectives:To assess the immediate effect of TEAM® on trauma related knowledge of undergraduate medical students and to highlight the stakeholders' acceptability of TEAM® for trauma training of undergraduate medical students. Methods:Effectiveness of TEAM® course in terms of knowledge gain was assessed using 20-item-M...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.36.6.2588
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:Serum Vitamin-D plays pivotal role in inflammatory and infectious diseases; among them liver infections are more distinct. This study was aimed to determine Vitamin-D status in HCV-infected patients and healthy controls in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Methods:We performed randomized cross-sectional study of 74 indi...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.36.3.1490
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the prevalence, predictors, triggers and educational outcome of migraine among medical students and interns in King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. METHODS:A cross-sectional study was completed among 566 participants selected through a multistage stratified random sample method. A v...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.332.12139
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:Empathy is a key element of patient- physician communication; it is relevant to and positively influences patients' health. In this study we aimed to present the Turkey example for the empathy change during the medical faculty training. Methods:This cross-sectional study was carried out at Ondokuz Mayis Univ...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.335.13074
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This is aimed at investigating some coagulation and haematologic profile of HIV positive patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients attending clinic at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. METHODS:This is a correlation study comprising fifty (50) HIV positive patients on HAART between...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.316.7943
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To identify the perceptions of the faculty about their current level of pedagogical skills and their desire to improve these skills in future. Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted at two medical colleges of Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi from March 1, 2015 to April 30, 2015. A re-vali...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.346.16302
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To explore the correlation of procalcitonin (PCT) and gelsolin (GSN) with the prognosis of urosepsis patients. Method:The data of 71 urosepsis patients from March 2015 to April 2019 who were admitted to and treated in Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University were analyzed and compared with those of 92 healthy...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.36.5.2143
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the association between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels and percent breast density among asymptomatic premenopausal women. METHODS:Hundred asymptomatic, pre-menopausal women who visited the General Surgery Breast Clinic, Patel Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan between 3rd March and 10th November, 201...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.325.10731
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE:Rehabilitation focuses brain-behavior relationship which highlights interaction between psychological and neurobiological factors for better patient care. There is a missing link in the literature about socio-cognitive aspects of frontal lobe epilepsy. Our objective was to examine prefrontal cort...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.331.11742
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the frequency of post-operative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after cardio-pulmonary bypass and association of pre-operative and intraoperative risk factors with incidence of PPCs. METHODS:This study was an observational analysis of five hundred and seventeen (517) patients who underwent cardia...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.334.12846
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Infertility is defined as inability of couple to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse. The prevalence of infertility in Pakistan is 21.9%. The most common cause of medically treatable infertility is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCO). This study was conducted to see the frequency and outcome of ...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.313.8003
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess inpatient management of non-critically ill type 2 diabetics with different insulin regimen. METHODS:We reviewed the medical records of all non-critically ill type 2 diabetic patients more than 18 years of age in medical department of civil hospital Karachi and Dow University of Health Sciences from...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of University students regarding the severity of unwanted pregnancy. METHODS:This cross sectional study involved 408 (206 females and 202 males) students residing within the university campus. Simple and systematic sampling methods were used to select ...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.294.3626
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the efficacy, desirable and undesirable effects of locally injectable preparation of botulinum toxin in patients suffering from Benign Essential Blepharospasm (BEB). METHODS:It was a prospective study carried out from October 2006 till November 2012 at a private set up, "Dr Shakaib's Eye Clinic", in...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.296.3853
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The polymorphism in codon 399 of the X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene may subtly alter structure of DNA repair enzymes and modulate the repair capacity. Impaired DNA repair can lead to the development of cancers such as prostate cancer (PCA). Although the association between the XRCC1 cod...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.315.7510
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background & Objective:Catalase (CAT) is an important endogenous antioxidant enzyme that detoxifies H2O2 into water and oxygen, consequently limiting the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species. It has suggested that CAT-21A/T (rs7943316) OMIM: 115500 gene promoter polymorphism is predominantly associated with d...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.336.13188
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To isolate Helicobacter pylori (HP) from the dental plaque of a selected group of children and to compare the oral and salivary findings of patients with those of a healthy control group. METHODS:A total of 70 children aged 5-15 years were included in this study. An intraoral examination was performed for ea...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.324.10034
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To analyze the efficacy of therapeutic endoscopy in combination with quadruple therapy in treating bleeding caused by gastric ulcer and investigate the factors inducing rebleeding. Methods:Two hundred and twelve patients with bleeding caused by gastric ulcer who were admitted to Binzhou People's Hospital, Sh...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.341.13418
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objectives:To estimate the incidence of microvascular complications among subjects with type 2 diabetes at a tertiary care hospital. Methods:This retrospective longitudinal follow-up study assessed the data records of type 2 diabetic subjects who visited the outpatient department of Baqai Institute of Diabetology and ...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.345.15224
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
