Abstract：
:The bacterial cell wall is a complex polymeric structure with essential roles in defence, survival and pathogenesis. Common to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is the mesh-like peptidoglycan sacculus that surrounds the outer leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane. Recent crystallographic studies of enzymes that comprise the peptidoglycan biosynthetic pathway have led to significant new understanding of all stages. These include initial multi-step cytosolic formation of sugar-pentapeptide precursors, transfer of the precursors to activated polyprenyl lipids at the membrane inner leaflet and flippase mediated relocalization of the resulting lipid II precursors to the outer leaflet where glycopolymerization and subsequent peptide crosslinking are finalized. Additional, species-specific enzymes allow customized peptidoglycan modifications and biosynthetic regulation that are important to bacterial virulence and survival. These studies have reinforced the unique and specific catalytic mechanisms at play in cell wall biogenesis and expanded the atomic foundation to develop novel, structure guided, antibacterial agents.
journal_name
Curr Opin Struct Bioljournal_title
Current opinion in structural biologyauthors
Caveney NA,Li FK,Strynadka NCdoi
10.1016/j.sbi.2018.05.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-12-01 00:00:00pages
45-58eissn
0959-440Xissn
1879-033Xpii
S0959-440X(18)30035-6journal_volume
53pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Assembly line polyketide synthases (PKSs) are remarkable biosynthetic machines with considerable potential for structure-based engineering. Several types of protein-protein interactions, both within and between PKS modules, play important roles in the catalytic cycle of a multimodular PKS. Additionally, vectorial bios...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2016.05.009
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Solid-state NMR (ssNMR) offers insight into the formation of protein complexes and ligand binding for a large range of molecular sizes and binding affinities. Recent instrumental and methodological progress has enabled novel possibilities for using multi-dimensional ssNMR to study molecular 3D structures and interacti...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2006.08.003
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abstract：:In the prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems, a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) assembles with multiple or single Cas proteins to form crRNA ribonucleoprotein (crRNP) effector complexes, responsible for the destruction of invading genetic elements. Although the mechanisms of target recognition and cleavage by the crRNP ef...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2016.11.013
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The base pair stack within double helical DNA provides an effective medium for charge transport. The DNA pi-stack mediates oxidative DNA damage over long molecular distances in a reaction that is exquisitely sensitive to the sequence-dependent conformation and dynamics of DNA. A mixture of tunneling and hopping mechan...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(02)00327-5
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among the crystal structures of lectins determined recently, three--snowdrop lectin, jacalin and amaranthin--represent new lectin families. Their polypeptide folds share remarkably similar features and consist exclusively of beta structure. Autonomously folded beta-sheet subdomains, inter-related by a pseudothreefold ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(97)80071-1
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As the fundamental packing units of DNA in eukaryotes, nucleosomes play a central role in governing DNA accessibility in a variety of cellular processes. Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this complex regulation has been aided by unique structural and dynamic perspectives offered by single molecule techni...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2011.11.003
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The modulation of enzyme function is a key regulatory feature of biological systems. The ability to engineer synthetic enzymes that can be controlled by any arbitrary signal would enable a wide array of sensing applications and therapeutics and provide us with powerful tools for the basic study of biology. Here severa...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2009.04.007
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteins are chief actors in life that perform a myriad of exquisite functions. This diversity has been enabled through the evolution and diversification of protein folds. Analysis of sequences and structures strongly suggest that numerous protein pieces have been reused as building blocks and propagated to many moder...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2020.12.007
更新日期：2021-01-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The observed distribution of protein structures can give us important clues about the underlying evolutionary process, imposing important constraints on possible models. The availability of results from an increasing number of genome projects has made the development of these models an active area of research. Models ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2008.01.006
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) play central roles in both transcription and viral genome replication. In picornaviruses, these functions are catalyzed by the virally encoded RdRP, termed 3D. Polymerase 3D also catalyzes the covalent linkage of UMP to a tyrosine on the small protein VPg. Uridylylated VPg then se...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2009.10.016
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The major component of bacterial cell wall is peptidoglycan (PG), a complex polymer formed by long glycan chains cross-linked by peptide stems. PG is in constant equilibrium requiring well-orchestrated coordination between synthesis and degradation. The resulting cell-wall fragments can be recycled, act as messengers ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2017.01.001
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Salt-dependent electrostatic effects are a major factor in determining the stability, structure, reactivity, and binding behavior of nucleic acids. Increasingly detailed theoretical methods, especially those based on Monte Carlo and Poisson-Boltzmann methodologies, combined with powerful computational algorithms are b...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0959-440x(95)80093-x
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Few biological macromolecular complexes exhibit the combination of massive size and hierarchical, symmetrical architecture embodied in icosahedral viruses. X-ray crystallography, electron cryomicroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering provide complementary approaches to studying these remarkable structures. Through a...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2003.09.007
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:ATP-dependent initiation factors help process replication origins and coordinate replisome assembly to control the onset of DNA synthesis. Although the specific properties and regulatory mechanisms of initiator proteins can vary greatly between different organisms, certain nucleotide-binding elements and assembly patt...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2012.11.012
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The folding and assembly of myosin motor proteins is essential for most movement processes at the cellular, but also at the organism level. Importantly, myosins, which represent a very diverse family of proteins, require the activity of general and specialized folding factors to develop their full motor function. The ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2013.11.002
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heparan sulfate (HS) is an essential and dynamic regulator of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. Two fundamentally different crystallographic models have been proposed to explain, at the molecular level, how HS/heparin enables FGF and FGF receptor (FGFR) to assemble into a functional dimer on the cell surface. ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2005.09.002
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Structure-specific DNA nucleases play important roles in various DNA transactions such as DNA replication, repair and recombination. These enzymes recognize loops and branched DNA structures. Recent structural studies have provided detailed insights into the functions of these enzymes. Structures of Holliday junction ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2006.01.009
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aromatic polyketides are secondary metabolites that afford some of the most common antibiotics and anti-cancer drugs currently in clinical use. Not least because of their medical importance, the biosynthesis of these compounds has attracted considerable interest during the past few years; important advances have been ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2005.10.002
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are fundamental units of protein function and regulation. Despite their inability to form a unique stable tertiary structure in isolation, many IDRs adopt a defined conformation upon binding and achieve their function through their interactions with other biomolecules. However, ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2014.05.007
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recently determined structure of octameric mitochondrial creatine kinase has provided new insights into the functioning of this enzyme and its role in channelling energy from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. Creatine kinase, a member of the family of guanidino kinases, is structurally similar to glutamine synthe...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(97)80151-0
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During protein evolution, novel domain arrangements are continuously formed. Rearrangements are important for the creation of molecular biodiversity and for functional molecular changes which underlie developmental shifts in the bauplan of organisms. Here we review the mechanisms by which new arrangements arise and th...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2013.02.012
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Connecting three dimensional structure and affinity is analogous to seeking the 'Archimedean point', a vantage point from where any observer can quantitatively perceive the subject of inquiry. Here we review current knowledge and challenges that lie ahead of us in the quest for this Archimedean point. We argue that cu...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2013.07.001
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of diseases that affect glycoprotein biogenesis. Eighteen different types of CDG have been defined genetically. They result from deficiencies in either the biosynthesis of oligosaccharide precursors or specific steps of N-glycan assembly, resulting in the absence...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2005.08.010
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Photolyases repair cytotoxic and mutagenic UV-induced photolesions in DNA by using an amazing light-dependent repair mechanism. It involves light absorption, electron transfer from an excited reduced and deprotonated FADH(-) to the flipped-out photolesion, followed by the fragmentation of the photolesions. Cryptochrom...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2009.05.003
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Jumonji-C (JmjC) subfamily of 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent oxygenases are of biomedical interest because of their roles in the regulation of gene expression and protein biosynthesis. Human JmjC 2OG oxygenases catalyze oxidative modifications to give either chemically stable alcohol products, or in the case of Nɛ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2016.05.013
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carbohydrate microarray technologies are new developments at the frontiers of glycomics. Results of 'proof of concept' experiments with carbohydrate-binding proteins of the immune system - antibodies, selectins, a cytokine and a chemokine - and several plant lectins indicate that microarrays of carbohydrates (glycocon...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2003.09.002
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ribosome recycling usually occurs after canonical termination triggered by a stop codon. Additionally, ribosomes that are stalled by aberrant mRNAs need to be recognized and subsequently recycled. In eukaryotes and archaea, the factors involved in canonical termination and ribosome rescue are structurally and function...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2012.08.002
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diverse glycans on proteins impact cell and organism physiology, along with drug activity. Since many protein-based biotherapeutics are glycosylated and these glycans have biological activity, there is a desire to engineer glycosylation for recombinant protein-based biotherapeutics. Engineered glycosylation can impact...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2016.08.008
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ClC proteins are members of a large family of chloride transport proteins, which are involved in a variety of physiological processes. All family members share a conserved molecular architecture consisting of a complex transmembrane transport domain and a soluble regulatory domain. To date, representative structur...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2006.06.002
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is a conserved multiprotein, repressive chromatin complex essential for development and maintenance of eukaryotic cellular identity. PRC2 comprises a trimeric core of SUZ12, EED and EZH1/2, which together with RBBP4/7 is sufficient to catalyse mono-methylation, di-methylation a...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2020.10.017
更新日期：2020-11-21 00:00:00
