Abstract：
:Malignant brain tumors are among the most lethal of human tumors, with limited treatment options currently available. A complex array of recurrent genetic and epigenetic changes has been observed in gliomas that collectively result in derangements of common cell signaling pathways controlling cell survival, proliferation, and invasion. One important determinant of gene expression is DNA methylation status, and emerging studies have revealed the importance of a recently identified demethylation pathway involving 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Diminished levels of the modified base 5hmC is a uniform finding in glioma cell lines and patient samples, suggesting a common defect in epigenetic reprogramming. Within the tumor microenvironment, infiltrating immune cells increase oxidative DNA damage, likely promoting both genetic and epigenetic changes that occur during glioma evolution. In this environment, glioma cells are selected that utilize multiple metabolic changes, including changes in the metabolism of the amino acids glutamate, tryptophan, and arginine. Whereas altered metabolism can promote the destruction of normal tissues, glioma cells exploit these changes to promote tumor cell survival and to suppress adaptive immune responses. Further understanding of these metabolic changes could reveal new strategies that would selectively disadvantage tumor cells and redirect host antitumor responses toward eradication of these lethal tumors.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Sowers JL,Johnson KM,Conrad C,Patterson JT,Sowers LCdoi
10.1007/978-3-0348-0837-8_4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-01-01 00:00:00pages
75-105eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
816pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Purification of angiotensin I-converting enzyme from human lung and characteristics of the enzyme was studied. Experimental pneumonitis was produced in rabbits and the change of the activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme was studied in purpose to clarify the role of this enzyme in the metabolism of vasoactive pep...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spinal muscular atrophies (SMA) are frequent autosomal recessive disorders characterized by degeneration of lower motor neurons. SMA are caused by mutations of the survival of motor neuron gene (SMN1) leading to a reduction of the SMN protein amount. The identification of SMN interacting proteins involved in the forma...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-90-481-2813-6_16
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury during acute myocardial infarction or open-heart surgery would promote oxidative stress, leading to the accumulation of reactive aldehydes that cause cardiac damage. It has been well demonstrated that aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-2 is an important cardioprotective enzyme fo...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-13-6260-6_6
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the development of an amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) assay for the detection of the Delta F508 mutation and corresponding normal locus in cystic fibrosis we discovered a family in which a further variant of the sequence exists. PCR amplification and direct sequencing of a region of exon 10 of t...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-5934-0_48
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have changed the landscape of cancer therapy. With advances in the understanding of tumour biology and its microenvironment, different categories of mAbs have been developed; a first category is directed against tumour cells themselves, a second one comprises antibodies blocking...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-50224-9_9
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of any pancreatic islet isolation is obtaining pure, viable and functional pancreatic islets, either for in vitro or in vivo purposes. The islets of Langerhans are complex microorgans with the important role of regulating glucose homeostasis. Imbalances in glucose homeostasis lead to diabetes, which is defined...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-39824-2_3
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is a rare genetic disorder in humans characterized by growth and psychomotor delay, abnormal gross anatomy, and mild to severe mental retardation (Rubinstein and Taybi, Am J Dis Child 105:588-608, 1963, Hennekam et al., Am J Med Genet Suppl 6:56-64, 1990). RSTS is caused by de novo mut...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-53889-1_3
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Embryonic stem (ES) cells undergo self-renewal and are pluripotent, i.e., they can give rise to all the types of specialised cells in the body. Scientific knowledge on ES cells is increasing rapidly, leading to opportunities for establishment of ES cell-based in vitro tests for drug discovery, preclinical safety pharm...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-3055-1_2
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The microbiome comprises all the genetic material within a microbiota, that represents tenfold higher than that of our cells. The microbiota it includes a wide variety of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, protozoans, fungi, and archaea, and this ecosystem is personalized in any body space of every individual. ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-24100-1_10
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Model organisms are widely used in research that is ultimately aimed at understanding the causes and consequences of human disease. It may seem counterintuitive to expect clinically useful information to be obtained from species as diverse as fishes and insects, but because fundamental biological mechanisms share evol...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-62414-3_9
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The goals of constructing epilepsy models are (1) to develop approaches to prophylaxis of epileptogenesis following cortical injury; (2) to devise selective treatments for established epilepsies based on underlying pathophysiological mechanisms; and (3) use of a disease (epilepsy) model to explore brain molecular, cel...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-94-017-8914-1_18
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Curcumin was found to be cytotoxic in nature to a wide variety of tumor cell lines of different tissue origin. The action of curcumin is dependent on with the cell type, the concentration of curcumin (IC50: 2-40 microg/mL), and the time of the treatment. The major mechanism by which curcumin induces cytotoxicity is th...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5_6
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxygen deprivation following cessation of blood flow to vital organs such as brain, heart, and kidney is a ubiquitous human disease, invariably leading to devastating consequences. Studies in experimental models support the contention that membrane permeability is altered, ion fluxes impaired, and energy stores deplet...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-3426-6_28
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous modeling efforts suggest that myoglobin-facilitated diffusion contributes very little to oxygen transport in a Krebs-Henseleit perfused isolated heart when literature-derived values for the diffusion coefficient of myoglobin (DMb) were used. Simulations have strongly suggested that the contractile mechanisms ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-4863-8_61
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:[1-14C]-Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was incubated with porcine leukocytes. Three polar metabolites were isolated after RP-HPLC separation in addition to pentaene leukotrienes and mono-hydroxy fatty acids. These compounds display U.V. absorbance with U.V. lambda max at 302 nm with shoulders at 289 and 317 nm which were...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4757-0937-7_5
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skeletal muscle alpha-actin is the principal protein component of the adult skeletal muscle thin filament. The interaction between skeletal muscle alpha-actin and the various myosin heavy chain proteins in the different muscle fibre types generates the force of muscle contraction. Skeletal muscle alpha-alpha actin is ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-84847-1_2
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transmastoid stimulation in human subjects evokes a single descending volley in corticospinal axons. Electromyographic (EMG) responses to transmastoid stimuli measured in the relaxed elbow flexor muscles after a maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) are depressed by approximately 50% compared to prior to the MVC. The de...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-0713-0_49
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of Ca2+ dissociation rate from TnC and decreased cross-bridge detachment rate on the time course of relaxation induced by flash photolysis of diazo-2 in rabbit skinned psoas fibers was investigated at 15 degrees C. A TnC mutant (M82Q TnC) that exhibited increased Ca2+ sensitivity caused by a decreased Ca...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-9029-7_51
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Man has evolved sophisticated defence mechanisms over millions of years to combat insertion of foreign DNA into his cells. However, gene therapy carries huge potential for the treatment of cancer. The challenge is therefore to translate our scientific knowledge into a clinical reality. ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/0-306-46817-4_1
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three experiments were conducted for the present study. First, to elucidate the mechanism and functional significance underlying ischemic vasoconstriction, we investigated the relationship between arteriolar constriction and tissue energy metabolism during bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in gerbils. Second, ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4939-0620-8_33
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Under the partial influences of paradigm shift form category to dimension, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM) was revised to the fifth edition (DSM-5); however, due to the lack of consistent biological makers and processes and the restricted availability of dimensional meta-structure, the r...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-32-9705-0_12
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many similarities were observed in the behavioral and neurochemical actions of ethanol and chlordiazepoxide (CDZ) suggesting that these agents may share common mechanisms of action. However, similarities in these actions could not be explained by effects on a benzodiazepine binding site, since only CDZ interacted with...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4757-1419-7_76
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Various disciplines of chemical engineering, especially thermodynamics and kinetics, play an important role in medicinal research and this has been particularly recognized during the last 10-15 years (von Stockar and van der Wielen, J Biotechnol 59:25, 1997; Prausnitz, Fluid Phase Equilib 53:439, 1989; Prausnitz, Pure...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-08939-3_10
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two species of T-kininogen which release T-kinin (Ile-Ser-bradykinin) have been purified from plasma of rats treated with Freund's complete adjuvant. The molecular weight was estimated to be 69,000 for either T-kininogen I and II by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Trypsin released one mole of T-kinin from one ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-5143-6_10
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stem cells having the capability to differentiate into other type of cells and renewing themselves, gained so much importance in recent years. Investigations in stem cells revealed that mesenchymal stem cells can successfully differentiate into other type of cells like adipocytes, hepatocytes, osteocytes, neurocytes a...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/5584_2019_476
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Receptor-activity modifying proteins (RAMPs) belong to a single family of transmembrane proteins. RAMPs determine ligand specificity of G-protein coupled receptors; calcitonin receptor and the calcitonin-receptor like receptor (CLR). To date, three members of RAMP family (RAMP-1, -2, -3) have been identified. The co-e...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-2364-5_8
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fossilized insect specimens from the late Paleozoic Era (approximately 250 million years ago) were significantly larger than related extant species. Geologic estimates suggest that atmospheric oxygen in the late Paleozoic Era was 35%. These findings have led to a prominent hypothesis that insect body size may be limit...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-75434-5_17
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied the relationship between the in vivo aging process of the human red cell (RBC) and its main function, the transport of O2 from the lungs to the tissues. This study included several approaches. First, we observed that the affinity for O2 in young RBCs was lower than in old RBCs (p less than 0.0005) due ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-5985-2_11
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell-cell communication is crucial to maintain homeostasis in multicellular organism. Cells communicate each other by direct contact or by releasing factors that, soluble or packaged in membrane vesicles, can reach different regions of the organism. To date numerous studies highlighted the existence of several types o...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-10-4397-0_2
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Odontocete cetaceans are acoustic specialists that depend on sound to hunt, forage, navigate, detect predators, and communicate. Auditory masking from natural and anthropogenic sound sources may adversely affect these fitness-related capabilities. The ability to detect a tone in a broad range of natural, anthropogenic...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_13
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
