Abstract：
:Pigment cells serve a variety of important uses across the animal kingdom, and in many species can change and regenerate throughout the lifetime of the organism. The functions of these cells, as well as their origins in both embryonic development and adult regeneration, are not fully understood. Here, we review advances in the study of pigment cells in the freshwater planarian, a model system for stem cell biology and regeneration. Freshwater planarians produce at least three pigment types to generate brown eye and body colouration: melanin, porphyrin, and ommochrome. The body pigments of planarians are produced and contained by a specialized, highly dendritic cell type located in the subepidermal parenchymal space. This cell type is specifically ablated following intense light exposure, a characteristic which has been exploited to discover the gene expression and regeneration of planarian pigment cells. Regenerating pigment cells progress through an immature state marked by upregulation of pigment synthesis genes before differentiating into mature pigment cells; these two states are dynamically regulated in homeostasis to maintain constant body pigmentation. The transcription factors Albino, FoxF-1, and Ets-1, as well as an FGFR-like molecule, are required for proper maintenance of the pigment lineage in both regeneration and homeostasis. These discoveries set the stage for research into external signals that regulate the pigment lineage, as well as possible functions for pigment cells in planarians, including the extra-ocular light response. These insights will address outstanding questions about the evolutionarily-conserved biology of pigment cells.
journal_name
Semin Cell Dev Bioljournal_title
Seminars in cell & developmental biologyauthors
Lindsay-Mosher N,Pearson BJdoi
10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.05.010subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-03-01 00:00:00pages
37-44eissn
1084-9521issn
1096-3634pii
S1084-9521(17)30194-5journal_volume
87pub_type
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