Studies of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in sheep experimentally infected with the human NY-18 isolate: characterization of tick feeding sites.

Abstract:

:Anaplasma phagocytophilum, transmitted by ticks of the genus Ixodes, was first described in Scotland as the agent of tick-borne fever in sheep and more recently as the cause of human granulocytic anaplasmosis in the U.S. and Europe. We previously reported sheep as an experimental host for the human NY-18 isolate of A. phagocytophilum. While clinical signs were not observed and infected granulocytes were not seen in stained blood smears, these sheep served as a good host for infection of ticks. In this research we characterized tick feeding sites to better understand tick/host/pathogen interactions. Ixodes scapularis adults were allowed to feed for 2 and 4 days on experimentally infected sheep, after which biopsies were taken beneath tick feeding sites for histopathology, PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies. In addition, the expression of selected immune response genes was studied in blood and feeding site biopsies. While necrosis was too advanced in 4-day biopsies for accurate cell counts, higher numbers of eosinophils and neutrophils were found in 2-day biopsies from infected sheep as compared with the uninfected controls. An unexpected result was the documentation of higher dermal inflammation in infected sheep at sites without ticks. A. phagocytophilum infected granulocytes were localized by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in skin biopsies using rabbit antibodies against the recombinant A. phagocytophilum major surface protein 4 as the primary antibody for indirect peroxidase-anti-peroxidase and fluorescent antibody IHC. These infected cells are likely to be the source of infection for ticks. Sheep therefore served as good hosts for studying host/pathogen/tick interactions of this human strain of A. phagocytophilum, and provided a means of producing infected ticks for future studies on tick/pathogen developmental and transmission cycles.

journal_name

Ticks Tick Borne Dis

authors

Reppert E,Galindo RC,Ayllón N,Breshears MA,Kocan KM,Blouin EF,de la Fuente J

doi

10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.05.014

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-10-01 00:00:00

pages

744-52

issue

6

eissn

1877-959X

issn

1877-9603

pii

S1877-959X(14)00150-2

journal_volume

5

pub_type

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